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The answer depends on what point of view to adhere to in the philosophy of consciousness. The most popular theory in modern philosophy of consciousness is functionalism, a reductive theory that examines consciousness as a causally closed sum of functional relationships and states in a physical substrate (for example, in the brain). Since the substrate is sufficient for a complete description of the functional structure, functionalists conclude that phenomenal consciousness is an “epiphenomenon”(a phenomenon that has no causal force) of the brain. Therefore, from the point of view of a functionalist, the creation of artificial intelligence with consciousness becomes problematic – it may or may not have consciousness, being a full-fledged intelligence, but at the same time a”zombie”. The second option was shown in his famous thought experiment about the “Chinese room” by John Searle. He also coined the term “strong AI”for it.
For many non-reductive materialists like Searle, phenomenal consciousness, being a high-level property, has causal power in relation to the lower-level properties on which it is based, so a full-fledged artificial intelligence must by definition have consciousness.
There are also more exotic theories – for example, various types of panpsychism, which agree that everything has consciousness (for example, all matter, every elementary particle). In this case, perhaps the question should be put in such a way that it is consciousness that needs to have intelligence, and not vice versa.
As Descartes said, ” if people could agree on terms in advance, humanity would be able to avoid a lot of misunderstandings.”
When the word “intelligence” is used, it usually refers to the human mind as a whole. And the human mind, according to Kant (there is simply no better theory in this sense), is sensuality + reason + imagination + reason. The second point in this “sum” – reason-is “intelligence” in the exact sense (these are just synonyms).
Because of this terminological confusion, the very essence of the question is “how is artificial intelligence possible (meaning just artificial intelligence)?” – it remains unclear: no one understands how to make it (and whether it is possible at all?), because they do not understand WHAT needs to be done for this.
Functions and mechanism of action of the mind (“intellect”) In Kant, they are covered exhaustively. And they are successfully (and unambiguously) confirmed by the results of modern scientific research. In this sense, “artificial intelligence “(Kantian “reason”) has long been created and is currently right in front of me. The computer completely (and successfully) copies the workings of the human mind. But – only of the mind (mainly; because in some part-also sensuality). That's all.
What is the most difficult (or impossible?)thing? “reproduce the human Mind. But to do this, for starters, Eggheads should at least ask the meaning of this” Mind ” concept, which Immanuel Kant gave it (there is no one else to ask anyway).
First you need to define what “intelligence” is. And since it is clear that artificial intelligence should reproduce the basic functions of natural intelligence, then let's rely on this.
Intelligence consists of making decisions – that is, choosing the best strategy to achieve a goal. Therefore, it is important, firstly, to determine the goals INDEPENDENTLY, secondly, to make this choice INDEPENDENTLY, and thirdly, to INDEPENDENTLY form the selection criteria, their priorities, relevance for immediate circumstances, etc. As long as these three stages are implemented under someone else's control, there is no question of intelligence.
Now all these three tasks are solved only by a person. What is now called “artificial intelligence” is only a more or less perfect mechanism for executing human decisions. As a machine that does not decide which part to process and in which mode, in which order to process the parts, what material is needed for them, etc.
Therefore, we must think that the creation of artificial intelligence will be possible if and only if (and IF!) these tasks will be solved. Fortunately, there are already timid hints in science on how to solve them.