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Good day. Amnesia isn't exactly the right word in this case. When we read, only one analyzer is used, and a certain amount of memory is immediately lost. If you don't repeat it, you lose even more of what you've read. And this is a natural process of forgetting, which is necessary in order not to overload the brain with unnecessary information.
As for the struggle, I advise you to read the information about mental maps (mind-map). Write down the characters, a brief description of them, their relationships in the plot, etc. So you will spend time repeating what you read plus structure the information received. More mental connections will be created.
In addition, there will be a diagram that you can return to at any time and revive in memory.
Unfortunately, I didn't find an example. But if you Google it, there is a lot of information on mental maps, you just need to adapt it to your needs.
Alternatively, keep a small “reader's diary”, recording the time when you read the book, and your impressions of it. Notes are good for remembering anything. If you are a utilitarian reader, you can simply accept that some books are better remembered (and therefore more important to you), while others are less remembered (and therefore less important). Although I understand your question very well. Books can make you feel like you owe them something. Take it-read it, read it-remember it, and similar idiosyncrasies.
Forgetting most of the details of what I read personally is, alas, a common thing. I guess I'm not the only one.
It doesn't make much sense to fight it. Everything that is really important and interesting to you should be stored in your memory.
So, after reading even multi-page historical monographs, only some basic points remain in my brain. And then not all and not always. Think about it, maybe you have a better sense of hearing? I'm thinking of turning to audiobooks for the sake of experimentation: I'll probably learn better. But this is all, of course, individual.
I have literary amnesia for books that were difficult for me. At one time, I was very worried, when I was a student, I had to read a lot of literature in different languages, and I couldn't remember it at all. Now I just accepted it and introduced the 50-page rule. If the book is not hooked, I put it off, I still won't remember it, maybe I'll grow up later.
The History Department taught me many wonderful things, including the analysis of monographs. For almost every subject, the task was given: choose a book from the list on the subject of the course, read it, write its synopsis with analysis (the author's name, �information about his prof.competencies, range of research interests, purpose of the work, tasks of the work, sources and historiography of the work, structure of the work, main conclusions, the ability to apply knowledge in practice), make a report by heart according to the outline plan in front of the public.�
Now I mostly read only historical monographs, which are filled with data, factual information, and interesting conclusions. And I can't read any other way without making such a synopsis and analysis of the book. This is how I remember what I read instantly and for a long time. And if I forget , I just go back to rereading my notes. Simple and convenient.
Read the short story of the same name by Patrick Suskind (“Literary Amnesia”). The author in it gives a comforting recipe, which, I hope, will help you as well.
I read paper books with a pencil. I emphasize smart and important thoughts for myself. So the book is not forgotten and this very quote is etched into the memory. Moreover, even its location on the page and punctuation are remembered.
I keep three diaries. Apparently, that's why I read less than I would like, but more efficiently. So, the diaries:
Personal. In it, I write down the author, title, main characters, plot (if possible) and main thoughts.
Public. Screenshots of quotes + my impressions of the book at the moment (in the process and after reading).
Automatic. I read mostly on bookmate, which stores information about books I've read, as well as quotes from them.
It is a pity that I did not start doing this earlier, because I read a lot, but only 30 percent remained in my memory.
Joining the previous answers, I can add that what you read is well remembered when you retell it to someone. If you've read an interesting book, tell us more about it. You can find a friend who is ready for spoilers on the book forums. So let's say you leave a review. If you repeat it to several people, you will remember the book almost by heart.