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Mamardashvili wrote that culture is the spinal cord of civilization, the area of automatism in behavior. And in this sense, Nazism appeared not in spite of, but thanks to culture, it is its apogee, what happens when automatisms displace the mind and conscience, leaving only honor.
I decided to answer after all. Although I don't like anonymous questions. Therefore, I will only outline the answer.
Nazism is not the opposite of ” enlightenment, culture, and philosophy.” This is not a lack of ideas, ethics and spirituality. Nazism is a painful commitment to one's ideals. A kind of narcissism of the nation.
This is the degeneration of a culture that has ceased to develop and is devoid of a” breeding ground ” – new ideas, trends, mutual influences, communication with others.
Therefore, the first source of Nazism is the ” white man's burden.” As yet remote, but with an inevitable result.
The second is “Sunset of Europe”. Not the book, of course, but the sunset itself.
And the third, which may seem the most important, although it would not have been necessary , is the cultural (and economic) isolation or self-isolation of some countries.
After the First World War, Germany was devastated, the people were impoverished, and the quality of life was terrible. Reimar Republic (state between the German Empire and the Third Reich) even in the period of its existence, they gave the definition of “democracy without democrats”. In the Weimar Republic, there was no strong constitutional consensus that could connect the entire spectrum of political forces-from the right to the left. The wave of democratization did not affect the institutions of government, justice, and above all the military apparatus inherited from the Kaiser's Empire. Despite the fact that anti-democratic aspirations existed in the camp of the left, the Weimar Republic failed largely because of the opposition to democracy on the part of the right. Since its inception, the republic has been forced to repel attacks from both sides. In the end, the parliamentary majority in the Reichstag was won by parties that rejected the values of parliamentary democracy: the National Socialist German Workers ' Party and the German National People's Party on the one hand, and the Communist Party of Germany on the other.For a number of reasons, the NNNP later joined the NSDAP (Hitler's Party). Hitler's policy was aimed at restoring the country and increasing the economic well-being of the Germans (see National Socialism's program guidelines in the NSDAP program), which was in turn popular with the people.
In a certain sense, all nations can be called Nazi. Europe is horrified by the Holocaust. but there was a genocide worse than the Holocaust, for example, in Asia.
Apparently, the culture and enlightenment of Europe is greatly exaggerated. You don't need to go for evidence. You can see how kindly they react to Ukrainian fascism, to the burning of people alive, to the marches of SS veterans. They agree that Ukraine has thus become closer to Europe.
Nazism in Europe appeared much earlier than enlightenment, culture and philosophy. Actually, this is a feature of the European mentality. The problem with Europe was that it had been stewing in its own juice for two thousand years-bounded on three sides by the ocean and seas, on the fourth by the Slavs engaged in the struggle with the steppe, Europe was fixated on itself. Almost all of its states are former Roman colonies united by the Catholic Church. Despite all the differences, they always had a common church, a common morality, and a common history. At the same time, they were always fighting fiercely among themselves, and her tiny states were constantly changing hands. We are built differently, and it is difficult for us to understand the European obsession with ourselves. We understand that other things are not necessarily bad, and we are ready to accept others who are not like us as equals, but Europeans are not. They just don't have this option in their brains:). Any European is essentially a Nazi. Just Nazism, like any phenomenon, has both a minus sign and a plus sign. A European who considers himself cultured and tolerant is ready to treat non-Europeans kindly, send humanitarian aid to starving Africans, take in refugees, but he is not ready to treat them as equals. He just can't do it. He's not cut out for it. Nazism is in the blood of Europeans, in the marrow of their bones. Aggressive, friendly – but this is Nazism. The attitude to other peoples and cultures as something inferior, secondary, requiring education in the spirit of” European values”, or destruction-by and large it does not matter:))).�
Nazism gave rise to the humiliation of Germany by the Peace of Versailles. The struggle for the honor
and dignity of the German nation and the development of German business took the form of national Socialism
Fascism, Nazism-this is the highest stage of development of capitalist society. However, just because one thing was previously relevant and useful, it does not mean that it is relevant and useful at its end or after its death.
Example: Slavery was a stunningly progressive step in the development of mankind against the background of primitiveness. First of all, because there were people who could not devote all their time to finding food, and could do anything, including moving progress forward.
To put it succinctly and in essence, the task of fascism is to preserve capitalist relations at all costs. In addition, since after the First World War (and even before it) sales markets were redistributed between several countries, in general, only market redistribution remains for production growth, which eventually ends with world wars.
In this respect, enlightenment, culture, and philosophy were all indicators that Europe would develop faster than anyone else. And it is precisely because the existence of Europe in capitalism was one of the critical conditions for the preservation of capitalism that fascism arose (just so that socialism would not rise).
As for the public consciousness, it can be quite well reshaped in just a couple of decades, so the ” glorious history “(philosophy and culture) they have absolutely nothing to do with it.
Can I ask the question the other way around? How, with all the brutality that Europe has shown throughout its history, and which has worsened over time, did Europe give rise to modern science and culture? I think that in Europe (and probably on any other continent) there are two types of people-one prone to aggression, the other-to intellectual and spiritual efforts. And they need each other, so they live in symbiosis.
A. Hitler was a puppet in the hands of liberalism (thalasacracy, pentagram Freemasonry, Templars, priests of Isis, the “Bible project”) and a conductor of the interests of swastika Freemasonry (tellurocracy)
(Quoted from ” Zamoyski Lolly-Freemasonry and globalism. The Invisible Empire”)
The names of Agarti and Shambhala, the mystical centers of Buddhism, were mentioned at the trial, which were not clear to journalists. In the audience, they were perceived more ironically than seriously. The picture of Hitler's atrocities did not fit in with such a tolerant religion as Buddhism, or indeed with any faith at all. Von Sievers was executed. Moreover, what Ahnenerbe was doing was not given much publicity. But there were people in the West who could tell us a lot about the use of the attributes of Masonic mysticism. It was easier to refer to the paranoid nature of Hitler and thus explain the dominance of mediums, astrologers and fortune tellers in his bet. The cultivation of pagan Wotan — Odin cults is explained as attributes inherent in a group of chauvinists with an unbalanced psyche.
In fact, the suppression of the use of the occult side by the Nazis was primarily due to the fear of exposing its role in preparing the madness of Nazism.
Even before the events that marked Hitler's rise to power, the English freemasonologist and novelist John Buchan, also known as Lord Tweedsmuir, warned of the danger of a Satanic religion in neighboring Germany, which is a fusion of modern technology and Eastern mysticism. Speaking about the confusion of a number of prominent Masonic authorities in England and other Western countries before the testimony of the murderers from the Ahnenerbe in Nuremberg, the Masonic writer Trevor Ravenscroft wrote: “Those who knew kept silent. The leaders of the occult lodges and secret societies associated with shaping world politics in the Western Hemisphere knew that they had nothing to gain by exposing the satanic nature of the Nazi party.”
Under the patronage of General Ludendorff, Germans who escaped from the Russian Revolution, mostly from the Baltic States, were assigned to Hitler in the 20s-Colonel Kolchak of the White Guard army, a native of the family of Teutonic knights Thalberg, Colonel Vinberg, a former adjutant of Kaiser Wilhelm II, General von der Goltz, as well as White Guard generals Biskupsky, Avalov, Skoropadsky, Shabersky-Bork. All of them were members of the Baltikum (later Consul) society organized by von der Goltz, whose secret identification mark was the swastika. One of the failed actions of the “Baltikum” – “Consul” was an attempt to steal the arrested royal family from Tobolsk. They were particularly interested in the queen. She was the daughter of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse. Her genealogy went back to Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel and Frederick II. Prince Charles took lessons in the “mysteries” from the so-called Comte de Saint-Germain, a masonic adventurer whose real name is not that of his colleague Cagliostro (Balsamo) so it remained unknown. Karl was the deputy Grand Master of the Templar Order of “strict rank”. Speaking under the name of “The Lion Reborn,” he demanded that the order do nothing less than re-conquer the East. And under the name of Melchizedek, he already belonged to the order of “Dedicated Brothers of Asia”, becoming its grandmaster in 1790. The ” brothers “were guided by Buddhist dogmas (in their own interpretation), believed in the transmigration of souls,” Rotation”, the symbol of which was the same swastika. During gatherings, members of the society lay down on the floor, depicting a swastika.
Is it any wonder that Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna also considered the swastika a sacred sign? She placed it in secret correspondence with members of the “Baltikum” – “Consul”, with the circle of courtiers, as well as with the doctor Badmaev, who treated the heir. She also covered the walls of the house where the royal family was kept with it.
We have said that in the German lands, especially in Prussia, Freemasonry was from the very beginning particularly aristocratic and prim. Beginning with Frederick II, it was led mainly by representatives of the Prussian monarchy.
They considered themselves the spiritual heirs of the Teutonic Order, and Masonic doctrines were connected with the order's conquering goals aimed at seizing the East, mainly Russian lands. In justification, they put forward the “right” to return to the lands of ancient Ariana, from which they once left.
As the military and industrial potential of the German lands grew, pan-German ideologists increasingly drew out myths and legends, legends and mystical doctrines to justify claims to world domination.
And how does one contradict the other? Enlightenment and cultural development are not synonymous with humanism. As an example, the same ancient Greeks can be cited: the richest culture, the development of sciences and arts, philosophical schools, as well as slavery, xenophobia, contempt for “barbarians”, belief in the superiority of the Hellenes, and all these are elements of one society.
The question is blurry. Nazism in Germany is taken over from the Nazism of the Angles. Culture and enlightenment don't matter. The worldview of the population can be changed by various methods if there is money and therefore power. You can raise anyone you want in a single generation. Modern examples: The Baltic States, Ukraine. They will stop pouring money into the activists of Nazism and it will disappear, though not by itself. He will be defeated by another ism, which will be filled with money. Money, i.e. its owners, is to blame for the formation of Nazism. Who financed Hitler's campaign? Answer this question and get the answer to the lazy one.
Read the Benevolent Ones. Nazism was interpreted among the Germans not as savagery and rampant animal instincts, but as overcoming oneself, one's” prejudices”, embedding oneself in a harmonious bureaucratic machine, where everyone only does their job and must stop feeling sorry for one's neighbor and feel compassion for the weak for the sake of dllga. This is partly due to the crisis of Christianity, and partly to the defeat in the First World War.
– Charles-Louis Montesquieu, French philosopher of the Enlightenment.
Enlightenment does not imply humanism in any cases and at any cost, even if it contributes to its establishment. Previously, it was sometimes possible to enslave people and poison them with gas/drop a nuclear bomb for the sake of their ideas about necessity and the good. Although the two world wars really turned out quite ugly, but both times everything went wrong as planned.
German culture and philosophy had a very dubious relationship to Nazism. The Nazis burned the books of the wrong German writers and expelled the wrong professors from their departments. The cultural continuity with the old order was broken. Nazism had no theorists in Kaiser's Germany. In hindsight, they decided to write Nietzsche as his forerunner, but his philosophy is nowhere near that.
Philosophy and culture influence the political regime in a rather indirect way. It seems that in Russia there was Dostoevsky with his “Demons”, but for some reason the Bolsheviks did not respect him, apparently.
Why was the worst war in history born on the land of enlightened Europeans?
You probably mean the Second World War?�
Why did German culture and philosophy give birth to Nazism?
The philosophy and culture of the Germans did not give birth to Nazism. The mother of Nazism was the forced poverty of the German people. And the father is pan-European imperialism, revanchism and national pride.
Because Germany was formed one of the last in Europe and it did not have enough living (economic) space. Great Britain, France and Russia did not want to have such a powerful economic competitor, which Germany has become in just a few decades.�
By the beginning of the XX century, Great Britain, France and Russia had a large number of (raw) colonies, which they mercilessly plundered. Germany did not have such an opportunity. But it was in dire need of fuel and other raw materials, as well as markets.