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Emotions always come first. Logic provides a reasonable justification for an emotional decision. One way or another, they work together, but logic is only a direction, and emotions are the wind that blows the sails.
Emotion is an affective reaction directed at a certain object, which for a short time leads to a change in behavior. Darwin also identified six basic emotions inherent in animals (humans are included in the category): fear, anger, joy, sadness, disgust, surprise. Ekman then defined these emotions as universal, that is, used by a person regardless of culture, social stratum, or religion. Other emotions are called social according to McLean (1990) and are inherent only in the brain that has a neocortex.
Logic – ” LOGIC (Greek: logike) – the science of ways of proving and refuting; a set of scientific theories, each of which deals with certain ways of proving and refuting. Aristotle is considered the founder of logic. ” (see the Great Encyclopedia). Logical thinking is the ability to draw a conclusion from two or more truthful circumstances, while intuition should be ignored. For example, according to the laws of logic, “All people are insects” + “All trees are people” = “All trees are insects” is quite a viable phrase. Let's not discuss my example, it was made for clarity.�
Logic is unique to humans. Why? As I have already tried to explain, logic requires more than just thinking or learning. You need abstract thinking and the ability to make rules, from which you can then draw conclusions. This is only possible when building verbal associations. And also in the presence of long-term memory. And this requires a certain complexity of the brain structure, which is inaccessible to most animals, but is accessible to humans. People are able to make decisions by working through all possible options in their minds, we do not just perceive information, we process it semantically (which is not available to animals), draw conclusions and are able to apply the knowledge gained in new situations, while animals are guided by instincts and try everything in practice. At the same time, the fact that they learned a certain chain of actions (pressing a button = feed) does not speak about logic, but about the ability to learn (operant learning / conditioning in all its glory).�
Bottom line: animals are guided by their instincts, many of them are capable of perceiving and experiencing emotions, but logic is available only to humans.
Please ask questions if you think I missed something or didn't explain it well 🙂
I prefer the view that emotions are a physiological response to comparing expectations and reality. If the reality is better than expected, positive emotions arise, if worse – negative ones. Logic is rather primary in the sense that comparison precedes the emergence of emotions. Logic is not necessarily something complicated, it can be expressed by a single transistor or an animal. But the logic of animals and their emotions are simpler than that of humans. A person has more developed complex social emotions such as shame or guilt, or vice versa pride. But the specific emotion that will arise depending on the situation also has a physiological and biological basis. This may relate, for example, to the difference between fear of danger and aversion to stale food. In both cases, different emotions could arise under the influence of natural selection. The same can apply to positive emotions. Natural selection encourages repetition of favorable situations and avoidance of unfavorable situations. But emotions also affect logic, and they can interfere with making the right decisions. Fear can encourage avoidance of danger, but it can prevent it from being eliminated when running away is unwarranted. Therefore, if possible, it is necessary to develop the ability to manage emotions.
Emotions, because they are something like a product of instincts. Logic (as I understand it, here this word is used in the sense of “thinking”) is designed to organize and control these very emotions, that is, it is secondary. Emotions can be experienced by many beings on the planet, for example, fear, interest, and love, I think, too. But animals, not having logic, experience emotions right on the spot, here a fox is chasing a hare, and he is afraid, but a parrot looks at itself in the mirror and feels delight or surprise when a person, in turn, can restrain himself, for example, not to hit the offender for insulting, but somehow contain his anger.