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First, you need to understand what you need it for.
In the Gotama Method, enlightenment (awakening, nibbana) is the cessation of all kinds of worry, anxiety, dissatisfaction, grief, sadness, despair, suffering.
Accordingly, before seeking the cessation of anxiety, anxiety, dissatisfaction, grief, sadness, despair, suffering, that is, enlightenment, it is necessary to recognize the existence of anxiety, anxiety, dissatisfaction, grief, sadness, despair, suffering. This recognition of “there is suffering” is what Gotama called the First Noble Truth.
Having established the existence of suffering, it is necessary to understand the causes of suffering. And thus proclaim the Second Noble Truth – ” there are causes of suffering.”
Further, before going in search of enlightenment, nibbana, one should recognize that such a state or reality as nibbana exists. This is the Third Noble Truth.
Finally, the Fourth Noble Truth speaks of the existence of a path or method that leads from point A (the state of suffering, the unenlightened state) to point B (the state of enlightenment, the state beyond suffering, nibbana). This is the way the author of the method called the Noble Eightfold Path.
By following it, you are guaranteed to reach your goal. In what time frame is it possible to achieve full and final enlightenment (in the terminology of the Gotama Method, this is called “becoming an arahant”)?
Gotama answered this question like this: “You can do it in 5 years, you can do it in 3 years, you can do it in 2 years, you can do it in six months, you can do it in 14 days, you can do it in a week.” For example, a disciple of Gotama named Sariputta became an arahant 2 weeks after starting the practice. Another student, Moggallana-in 7 days.
What are the links of the Noble Eightfold Path?
1) Correct view (theoretical understanding of the Method – 4 Noble Truths, 12-Link Chain of Dependent Origination and some other provisions); 2) Correct aspiration (the main goal is nibbana); 3) Correct speech (do not use rude speech, do not gossip, do not lie); 4) Correct actions (show benevolence, do good deeds, avoid unkind deeds); 5) Correct means of living (do not sell alcohol, drugs, etc.); 6) Proper diligence (it is necessary to set aside time for daily practice); 7) Proper mindfulness (in relation to the body, feelings, mind and mental factors); 8) Proper meditation.
In this way, complete and complete liberation from all kinds of anxiety, anxiety, dissatisfaction, grief, sadness, despair, and suffering is achieved.
In Buddhism, enlightenment is not something that a person does not have and is trying to get, but something that he has always had, but because of the defilements of the mind is in a closed state.
Phenomena in the world are inherently impermanent (ksanikavada). Every phenomenon turns into something else at the right time. For example, a person can't always be happy or just sad. Even the human self itself is impermanent (anatmavada). Now it is one thing, in my childhood it was completely different. It changes every moment. So the mind is often compared to a stream or a movie. At every moment-a new picture in your mind. The mind is initially pure, but being in the world, the mind gets used to some things, becomes attached to some things and begins to consider them good. When these things change due to natural impermanence, the mind reacts with dissatisfaction, anxiety, fear, anger — in Buddhism this is called “dukkha”, sometimes translated as” suffering “or”problems”.
All phenomena have their own causes (pratitya-samutpada). Nothing appears on its own. Everything exists or changes only in its own terms. Everything in the world is interconnected. If something in the world has changed, then everything else has also changed. The cause of dukkha is “trishna” or thirst, which arises from the mind's attachment to things. This craving prevents the mind from being pure and free, but the mind can be freed.
The path of mind liberation is the path of wisdom, morality, and discipline (the Eightfold Path).
Lay Buddhists first of all give up five things:
Refusing to kill creatures.
Refusal to appropriate other people's things, theft.
Refusal of adultery, debauchery.
Refusal to lie.
Abstaining from intoxicating substances (drugs, alcohol, etc.)
Buddhist monks give up more things, and different schools have different vows. For example, there is a set of vows in Vinaya, which contains from 200 to 400 restrictions. This behavior creates conditions in which the mind is trained not to be attached to certain things and to misunderstand itself. Each person has his own path of enlightenment. This path should avoid extremes, both in self-restraint and self-gratification. For example, both gluttony and starvation will be wrong. A harmonious diet will be correct to maintain strength and health. By following this path, the conditions for further purification of the mind will then arise. It can be compared to the example when a person sailed on an overloaded boat, got rid of some of the cargo and released the forces for movement and release from heavier loads. That is, to begin with, these tips will be enough, and if they are followed, karmic conditions will appear for the development of practice.
This is a Buddhist position that is very different from the understanding of enlightenment in other religions, and also slightly different in different schools within Buddhism.