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Progress is driven by a dialectical contradiction, which is the basis for the development of crises that push us up the spiral of development (according to Hegel).
In general, we have two ways to change-in breadth (quantitative growth) and up (qualitative growth). Change in both directions is an indispensable condition for development, without one there can be no other, they are in constant dialectical interaction (that is, they are one, but opposite). The presence of a dialectical contradiction between quantity and quality leads to development (quantitative sufficiency, but qualitative underdevelopment, or vice versa).
There are two main states in development:
the lytic period is relatively calm, long, and there is a quantitative accumulation of knowledge (if we take the example of human ontogenesis, this is the first year and a half of life, when he hears a lot of words, but he does not speak);
the critical period, which is stressful, short-term, is characterized by a qualitative leap (in human ontogenesis, this is the appearance of the need to name objects, that is, the appearance of speech).
A critical period occurs at a time when the amount of accumulated experience (resource) on the one hand is quite large, and on the other hand it is already well studied. Plus, there are new needs that no longer have enough current resources. As a result, it becomes possible and necessary to reach a new level of interaction with the accumulated material. There is a transition from quantitative changes to a qualitative leap (from growth to development).
If we consider the development of speech:
first we hear the words, there are a lot of them around,
there is a certain pattern (they say bucket whenever being near this object) in their usage,
and then there is the need, because others have become too often resort to speech to convey information.,
the first syncretic concept of the surrounding world appears (all words are “proper names”, a fork is a specific fork, not a genus of objects),
the number of words is growing, while others gradually stop understanding pointing gestures and inarticulate shouts, due to the increasing complexity of emerging needs (I want not just porridge, but porridge from apple and strawberry),
there is a need to transmit information in a more precise way,
the first attempts to use clearer speech (gullingsand ugukany)are formed,
this is still not enough, the first words appear.
Development proceeds in a spiral pattern, as can be seen even in this example. At first, we think that we have formed a speech (we understand words), then we realize that we don't, we don't have speech yet, and we start working on it, and then we realize that it has appeared. That is, the law of negation of negation operates (this is true, this is not true, this is not wrong), as a result of which we get the original function on a qualitatively new level, that is, we develop in a spiral (we find ourselves at the same point, but one floor higher).
Thus, development occurs due to the dialectical contradiction between quality and quantity. It is worth remembering that the development of one phenomenon is closely related to changes in other areas, that is, our entire civilization is an integral system( organism), the development of individual parts of which leads to certain changes in both the system as a whole and its individual elements.
To study the topic, you can read Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky's monograph “Psychology of Human Development”, which sets out the basic principles of development as a phenomenon on the example of human ontogenesis.