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I will not talk about art education, but about art history, curation, etc.
This is really a very pressing issue! And there is a lot of debate about this, because there are unspoken confrontations within the art community. Should a curator have a specialized education in art, who is an art historian and where to work with only a theoretical basis, why are there so many “curators” in the art community who are unfamiliar with the basic concepts of art history, etc.
It seems to me that until a person understands exactly what he wants to get out of education, no promoted programs will help him become a real professional. Even if you get the “best” education at a top university in the art field, you have every chance to work as a courier or accountant (without any complaints about these specialties). You need to be able to maneuver and be flexible regardless of the resulting crust, constantly be interested in new things, dig for a long time, study, ask both yourself and specialists, and not strive to get all the knowledge (mostly superficial) in a short time and immediately become a sought-after expert.
If we continue with my personal opinion, it seems to me that the best way is to get a good theoretical basis in a good university, get acquainted with the basic concepts of art history, understand how the processes took place, and try to understand the methodology. Choose any one: Moscow State University, HSE, European University, St. Petersburg State University, etc., where there is a department of Art History. If you are already interested in a particular field of art, find out which of the departments has good specialists with whom you would like to communicate and from whom you would like to learn.
Then it is very easy to start from this basis. It is worth admitting, of course, that there is a lot of theory in these departments (although there are also mandatory practices), but everything still depends on you and your initiatives. You can already fit into internships, volunteer, and try to work in galleries and artists almost from the second year. No university will help you break through the competition, you have to turn around and learn everything in practice. Plus, remember that your initiatives can change a lot: you can invite specialists to share their experience with your university, organize conferences, and ask the management to take care of the practice. It seems that in “normal” universities, program managers themselves should think about this, but remember that public universities that are poorly sponsored by the state find it difficult to compete with hyped private stories. And those, if you look closely, have enough disadvantages.
And after such an experience, when you already understand what you lack and in what direction you want to move, you can start looking for alternative ways of education. Get it in parallel with the general course, or as an additional course, or as part of a master's degree, or as a summer course at Sotheby's, for example. Maybe you will understand that there is nothing better than real experience and direct contact with a museum or artist.
Here are some useful links::
1) Round table discussion. From University to museum: how to teach future specialists?
2) Where to study contemporary art in Russia?
I think they train exactly the professionals that society requires. Artists-thinkers, philosophers need less from art. More designers are needed. So they prepare it. There will be other or higher requests – the level and list of training areas will increase. It all depends on the graduate model: the hours in the program, the set of disciplines, and the depth of knowledge. In general, knowledge is accumulated and transferred in full. But forms and technologies are changing. This is the overall impression. Aren't we talking about the “arithmetic mean”? Not about a specific institution?
According to the general assessment from experience, during the time that I work in education, we have greatly reduced programs in terms of classroom hours. 50% of the load is taken out in the student's independent work. The old specialties, such as DPI or designer, have now been updated and are called view designs: art design and graph design, respectively. Hours of drawing and painting decreased. It is assumed that this is the lot of dhs or colleges. There is a process of transition from holistic art education to narrowly applied areas of training. There are classical universities that “keep the mark”. There are absolutely none where art trends have opened up for economic gain without proper traditions and funds. On average, it's normal. Development courses and hobby classes, artistic and aesthetic leisure activities are in full bloom. It's rather good that people are developing. Again, there is a tendency to speed and beauty, self-expression due to the thirst for profit. I was taught that real art is intelligent, modest and takes a long time to make, so again, plus or minus. Schools and directions of subjective drawing and analytical objective drawing exist, argue, and conflict, as it has always been. Especially in dhs and dshi, they like to argue about what is best for children: whether to develop creative freedom, or teach scientific modeling of forms. It is still difficult to find a thoughtful teacher who would see the essence, and not pass on the memorized algorithms of work. But if we consider visual art from the point of view of visualization and visual modeling, then the necessary baggage of knowledge does not disappear, it is transferred, it is added. Another thing is that they do a lot of visualization on the computer. This is the time. Computer a large amount of technical professional work allows you to do better and faster. And by the way, you can also learn in different ways. Motivation and ability to work can be highly individual.
I hope I don't have a problem with fathers and children, so I guess it's always been like this. A lot of nuances. There are advantages with the development of technology. There are disadvantages, especially those associated with rampant capitalism and a thirst for profit. But in general, life somehow levels all this to a solid mass”average”.