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  1. During the Florentine Republic, N. Machiavelli was intensively engaged in political activities and for 14 years from 1498 he constantly served as secretary of the Council of Ten, traveling on diplomatic missions to various European states. After the restoration of the Medici royal dynasty in 1512, he was suspected of conspiracy and arrested, but soon acquitted.

    Key policy ideas:

    • Machiavelli's philosophy is almost entirely devoted to the idea of creating a strong and just state, because, in his opinion, it is the highest manifestation of the human spirit, and serving the state is the main goal of people's lives.
    • Machiavelli's philosophy is almost entirely devoted to the idea of creating a strong and just state, because, in his opinion, it is the highest manifestation of the human spirit, and serving the state is the main goal of people's lives.
    • Machiavelli never bases political arguments on Christian or biblical arguments.�
    • The author of the idea of universal military duty-in the treatise “On the art of war” called for the transition from a hired army to a conscripted army from citizens of the state.
    • Your government consists mainly in preventing your subjects from being able or willing to harm you, and this is achieved when you deprive them of any opportunity to harm you in any way, or shower them with such favors that it would be unwise for them to wish for a change in their fate.
    • The ruler sets as his goal the success and prosperity of the state, while morals and goodness are relegated to another plane.�
    • It considers the state as a political state of society: the relation of those in power and those under power, the existence of an appropriately organized political power, institutions, and laws.

    Basic social and philosophical ideas:

    • Machiavelli's social and philosophical views were based on the principle of human nature. In itself, this principle is universal and applies absolutely to all citizens in the state, regardless of their class affiliation.
    • Man is not sinless by nature :he is ungrateful, fickle, hypocritical, deceitful, and driven by profit. That is why the egoistic nature of a person must be kept under control by a strong hand.
    • He identified several basic philosophical concepts: 1) Virtu, it refers to human energy and talent. They, along with fortune, are the driving forces of history. 2) Fate. It is opposed to human valor and labor. 3) Free will. Its embodiment was found in politics.

    Most famous works:

    • “Discourses on the first Decade of Titus Livy”;
    • “The Sovereign”;
    • “On military art”.

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