The size of the brain determines the ability of intelligence?
If this is not the case, then does not the denial of this statement put many anthropological theories in conflict with modern science (biology and others)?
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There is a correlation. But it doesn't work in such a way that the bigger the brain, the greater the intelligence, otherwise elephants would be smarter than everyone else. Much more important is the number of neural connections – and it depends not only on the volume, but also on training. The ratio of brain mass to body weight is important – the encephalization coefficient. There are many different features of how neurons work that can affect intelligence.
All other things being equal, out of two identical people, the one with the bigger brain will be smarter in everything but brain size. But this sameness is impossible and the smaller size of the brain can be compensated for by other features. By default, assuming more intelligence for those with a larger brain will not work. Moreover, the brain has been decreasing in recent centuries, while IQ, on the contrary, is growing.
The volume of the brain, as well as other substances, is a relative indicator. The amount of matter at different volumes can be the same, as we know from physics.
If the ability of intelligence is correlated with a relative physical indicator-volume, then a certain paradox is obtained. Humanity, as you know, is physically smaller, respectively, the head and brain are reduced in volume, but intellectually it develops (hint – to the detriment of spirituality).
If by” size ” of the brain the author means the weight of the brain, then the question arises of the density of brain matter.
Neither the density of matter nor the volume of the brain directly affects its electrical conductivity.
Is it proportionate and appropriate to look for the causes of intelligence in the physical characteristics of the brain substance? Intelligence is a product of the mind, and the brain is just an instrument of the mind or intellectual consciousness (there is also heart consciousness). The size of the tool does not affect the ability, but the flexibility, mobility of the mind creates itself and the appropriate tool (brain).
Intelligence abilities may depend on the size of the brain.
For example, in anthropology, it is believed that this size was the weight of the Homo brain in 700g. Since reaching this figure, we can talk about the development of social culture in these animals and their subsequent transformation into a modern person.
Although the brain volume of ancient people was even larger than that of modern humans. And Neanderthals had big brains. However, you need to understand that the brain is not limited to one intellectual activity. Survival in the ancient world required humanoid creatures to be much more adaptable. Getting a mammoth isn't like going to the supermarket.
So the internal structure of the brain is also important. And it's not just the number of neural connections that bottlenose dolphins have more. But their quality also depends on the specialization and structure of these links. This means that the solution to the problem will be assigned to a specific brain, regardless of the degree of specialization. That is, if one person counts faster, it is not a fact that they will solve the problem faster than the person calculating slower.
Nutrition and blood supply also play an important role.
In short, there are many factors.
Intelligence depends on the brain, but the brain is not just about intelligence.