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I advise you from social philosophy(that is, about the structure of society)
This is not a genre philosophy, but a spirit philosophy. A short monograph by Robert Eering “The Struggle for Law”. From the name, in principle, it is clear that he is a lawyer – he reveals the need to defend his rights and conduct an important distinction from litigating. But I recommend this book, and I can say that it revealed to me the essence of morality and opened the veil of the functioning of society.
Herbert Spencer shaped my understanding of society . I recommend the treatise “Scientific,political and philosophical experiments” or “Basic principles”. writes with a lot of examples and spreads across the reasoning tree, so you can skip some places if you want. But the general idea of the development of society according to the principles of the development of nature, that society is a natural organism, has become a huge one for me.
Finally,” The Philosophy of Inequality ” by Nikolai Berdyaev. This book has blown my mind with a range of new thoughts and perspectives on the world. He writes both about society and about life in general. For example, he justifies the naturalness and importance of inequality in society(the book was originally written as a critique of the October Revolution and a pamphlet to socialism). I, who do not believe in God, was very interested in his justification of the divine origin of society and the state. This is not at all boring and intrusive.
Nietzsche – “Human, too human” and “The Genealogy of Morality”. He has a special style, not boring. He speaks figuratively. I was very impressed in my youth.
Bertrand Russell's History of Western Philosophy, of course. But it ends with a rather long-standing event. About Western philosophy after the events of the book (more precisely, around the time of its writing) there is “Wittgenstein's Poker”. But it is worth reading something else that is not from Western philosophy, I would recommend “Chuang Tzu”. This book is much more understandable than the Tao Te Ching, but no less profound.
Plato and Platypus walk into a bar.
The best book on philosophy I've ever read, and it was after that that I started to get interested in all this stuff. The main philosophical theories in the world are explained in very simple language and, which is the main feature of this book, each topic is illustrated with anecdotes — sometimes funny, sometimes just funny, but always having a connection with what is told in the chapter — sometimes very unexpected. In general, 10/10, as for me, just mastrid.
For beginners to study philosophy, I can recommend Nagel T. ” What does all this mean? A very brief introduction to philosophy”
Very brief indeed, but interesting. In the book, the most relevant philosophical questions are consecrated, on each issue the author introduces the reader to various existing opinions and expresses his point of view, with which it is difficult to disagree.
In general, the book is perfect for those who want to study philosophy, but do not know where to start.