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This is extremely rare if a person has not received psychiatric help for a long time and has an endogenous disease. This happens in less than 1% of cases. In most cases, if a person goes to a psychiatrist, the problem is solved. In principle, I don't think this is possible. In almost 30 years of practice, I've only seen it once. And then, only because my family refused my help, they left. Unfortunately, the young man left the window of the 12th floor a day later. I was in a lot of pain …
If we look at the terminology (ICD, etc.) then there is no such thing as incurable depression. There is such a thing as resistant depression. This is depression that does not respond to treatment with two antidepressants from different groups. In this case, doctors continue treatment, but with other medications or methods, i.e. they select the treatment further, more carefully; they conduct differential diagnostics or look for concomitant diseases. It is worth saying that there are more opportunities for treatment in developed countries (USA, Canada, etc.), but this hardly means that someone will not be cured in our country.
Where does this term come from? There is no such term in clinical medicine. Depression is often curable, sometimes well-controlled. Only rarely is there a therapy-resistant depression. I can assume that the person was referring to a drug-resistant depression that is difficult to control.
There is an addendum about endogenous depression.
At one time, I was approached by psychiatrists from the Pavlov Neuroses Clinic with the question: why are depressions caused by the loss of a beloved dog not treated with medication or psychotherapy? Discussing this issue with V. A. Ananyev, we came to the conclusion that the main cause of any depression lies in what structures of the psyche are disturbed and what psychological needs remain unsatisfied. And this applies to any depression.
Modern intellectology allows you to identify the affected structures of the psyche and restore them. There are, for example, practical ways to compensate for the affected self-preservation instinct, social imbalances, and emotional defects. These methods are not yet widely known, but they have already been tested by life and have shown their effectiveness and lack of side effects.
“M & E(s) – PSYCHOTHERAPY” – krivolapchuk.ru
Depression can be reactive, i.e. situational. This is when something bad happened in a person's life, and his psyche did not cope with it. The person becomes depressed, apathy often occurs. But this condition is easily corrected by medication, and in general does not always require medical intervention. In principle, this can be “endured”, if the stress is final, that is, the unfavorable situation is successfully resolved (or simply ended), then the body will slowly but surely recover on its own.
Endogenous depression happens to a person not because of external circumstances, but because of internal, usually chemical ones. For some reason, the so-called happiness hormones stop being produced, or, conversely, the number of anxiety hormones increases. The more complex the “breakdown”, the more difficult it is to choose the right replacement therapy-to choose the right hormones and determine their dosage in order for the patient to lead a normal lifestyle. Moreover, we can't always regulate everything with pills. There are very serious conditions when medications can not help in any way, and other methods (for example, shock therapy) help for a very short period of time.
Endogenous depression really isn't always curable. And it's not even always corrected.