One Answer

  1. Substantial dualism-there is matter, there is spirit. These are different substances.

    Dualism of properties-the brain has physical and mental properties.

    A two-dimensional theory is a single reality that is neither spiritual nor physical. It has a spiritual / mental aspect (i.e. a side) and a physical aspect. They are knowable in different ways. Any process can be described as mental or physical. like a physical one. The mental and the physical are different ways of looking at the same substance.

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