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In our time, varieties of” punitive psychiatry ” still exist-primarily in the form of compulsory examinations during the investigation.Eg…
If you are a suspect or accused, the investigator must send a request to the polyclinic at your place of residence to find out if you have ever been registered with a psychiatrist. If you think that this is possible only in the case of an investigation into the case of a homicidal maniac, then you are mistaken – the request is made at any initiation of criminal proceedings, even the most insignificant – for example, in the case of an accident. In each city district, several hundred offenses are committed per week. In about half of the cases, criminal cases are opened against specific suspects. Thus, there is a constant correspondence between the police and the district psychoneurological dispensary (hereinafter referred to as the PND). Presumably, some police departments simply have a database of dispensary cards.
In practice, cards are stored for life. And if you, God forbid, get into the same accident, the chief physician, according to Part 3 of Article 61 of the Fundamentals of the Legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of public health of 22.07.93 No. 5487-1, will issue the investigator a certificate that in such and such years you went to the doctor about such and such problems. In turn, the doctor's response will be a sufficient reason to send you to a compulsory outpatient forensic psychiatric examination (hereinafter referred to as EIT) in accordance with Article 195 of the Criminal Procedure Code. It doesn't matter how many decades your card has been gathering dust in the archive – the main thing is that you were seen by a doctor. It should be noted that, according to art. 196 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the reason for compulsory examination is not only the fact of contacting a psychiatrist in the past, but also … the investigator's justified doubt about the person's mental usefulness.
This term appeared in the Soviet era. In 1980, the “Geneva Initiative in Psychiatry” was created, within the framework of which Western countries, including in this way, tried to conduct an ideological struggle with the Soviet Union. They tried to convince everyone, especially our citizens, that Soviet psychiatry was being used for punitive purposes. Were there any episodes in reality? Perhaps. But there were also well-known episodes in the practice of our partners in the West. Everywhere, psychiatry could be used for specific political or commercial purposes. For example, in America, a whole system began to develop, when relatives colluded and declared a person who has a slight mental disorder seriously ill. He was deprived of legal capacity, and then of property. This is why, at some point, legislation was created in America to protect the mentally ill. Actually, the film “One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest” was not made in Russia! This problem exists everywhere. Psychiatrists are just like everyone else, with all their inherent weaknesses and shortcomings. The medical staff is the same as everywhere else. When we talk about rudeness or abuse of power, it has nothing to do with the political system. This is related to the level of culture of a person and society.
In fact, Soviet psychiatry was more progressive than in Western countries. Almost 100 years ago, since 1919, the outpatient service was developed, and neuropsychiatric dispensaries appeared. There was no such thing anywhere in those days. All over the world, psychiatric patients have been in huge hospitals for years. So I can't agree that psychiatry was punitive. This term was promoted and stuck in the form of a label thanks to the joint efforts of our Western friends, the CIA and some citizens who were determined to be confrontational. Much more trouble for psychiatry appeared just with the dawn of democracy, in the 90s. There were so-called black realtors-people who, in order to take over housing, got drunk, killed and considered other people crazy for the sake of their housing.
Today, Russian psychiatry, on the contrary, is aimed at maximum social adaptation and rehabilitation of mentally ill people. We do everything possible to reduce the length of stay in hospital conditions.