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Memory fragmentation after alcohol consumption is caused by reduced transmission of glutamate from synapses to NDMA receptors, which are directly involved in memorization.
This happens in the following way: first, alcohol affects the inhibitory GABA receptor of the neuron like GABA itself (but it is more strongly bound than endogenous GABA) (which in a sober state allows us to fall asleep, or not die from a heart attack during the action of adrenaline, for example). Inhibitory receptors send signals to other brain cells, preventing various mediators from being released in the usual size. Among them is glutamate.
To put it simply, alcohol slows down the memorization process itself, since the signals from neurons that cause the emergence of neural connections (that is, literally, memories) do not arise. You can do all sorts of crap under booze, but it's not that you even forget – you didn't remember it, because individual neurons are already “inhibited” and do not secrete glutamate.
I hope this is a fairly detailed answer.
The fact is that in a state of strong alcoholic intoxication, a person is conscious, although not in an adequate state. And thus, some information ceases to be stored in his memory. Such failures can last from several minutes to several hours.
The main feature of memory lapses in alcoholics is their fragmentary nature.