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Don't be silly. Philosophy did not have and does not have not only the basic, but also no questions at all. As well as other forms and methods of cognition. What is the basic question of physics? And what is the main question of chemistry? And the main question of art? And what is the main question of literature? Philosophers also have questions for philosophers. Everyone has their own question and … their own answer. Here a person has (should have) some basic questions: 1) where am I? 2) who am I? 3) where to? 4) how?
Philosophers would have to provide answers to these questions. The ancients did just that. But their successors and followers messed up, distorted and confused everything. Today, not a single “philosopher” will give a single clear answer to any of the basic questions of man and humanity. It's not a problem to tell forty barrels of prisoners, but to give a specific answer to a specific question – fire them. I don't have the guts.
The basic problem of philosophy is the relation of thought to being, of spirit to nature, of consciousness to matter.
The term “basic question of philosophy” was coined by Fr. Engels in 1886 in his work “Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of classical German Philosophy”. Some thinkers deny the significance of the main question of philosophy, consider it far-fetched, devoid of cognitive meaning and significance. But another thing is also clear: it is impossible to ignore the opposite of the material and the ideal. Obviously, the subject of thought and the thought about the subject are not the same thing.
There is our consciousness (psyche) and there is the external world. The external world is material( corporeal), respectively, all that it consists of is matter. The question “what is primary – consciousness or matter” is roughly speaking, which affects the other more: the external world determines our thinking, character, worldview, or our consciousness adapts the external world to itself. The first point of view is called materialism, and the second is called idealism. Idealism can be subjective and objective. Subjective idealism is when we consider the whole world around us to be the totality of our own feelings. Its extreme form is solipsism, when we believe that there is no external world at all and everything around us is our imagination. Objective idealism is when an immaterial entity, such as the universal mind or God, is declared to be the basis of the world.
I will answer your question only as it relates to the Basic question of Oriental philosophy. It consists in the fact that a person is born on this Earth in order to improve and learn. The perfecting person recognizes the body, soul, and spirit equally, and pays tribute to each of them. Neglecting something is a mistake that should be corrected in due course. The ultimate result of perfection is the knowledge of your true ” I ” – that is, ENLIGHTENMENT!!! This is the basic question of PHILOSOPHY!!! With respect.
Many people know the famous statement of Immanuel Kant: “Two things fill the soul… – this is the starry sky above me and the moral law in me.”
Thinking about this, the philosopher implicitly (in one way or another) refers us to the solution of the main question of philosophy. What is primary — spirit or matter? After all, there is a correlation between one and the other, “starry sky” and “moral law”. The first represents the “grandiose” material universe, and the second-the moral essence — it is spiritual, and we have the most direct relation to it, because it is in us (in the soul – non-corporeal), it is with us… It turns out that our philosophizing (spirit) is so partial to all this…
Therefore, the solution of that in a monistic way will be the answer to the basic philosophical question, what is primary in all that. And from it, we can see what the world is like and our place in it, because our <human> consciousness and worldview are so lacking in this knowledge.
It is important to understand that philosophy always focuses on the “man — world” relationship. Hence the basic question of philosophy: which is more primary: spirit or matter?
The question of the primary concerns philosophers in two aspects:
What determines a person's existence: his consciousness or the world around him?
2. Epistemological aspect:
How does human cognition of the world occur: are objects adequately reflected in our consciousness (materialists) or deduced in various ways by thinking itself (idealists), and is it even possible to know reality (Gnostics and Agnostics)?
In simple words, something like this. I hope it's clear)