World philosophical thought has given humanity as a natural basis for ethics the so-called “golden rule”: treat people the way you want them to treat you. One of the most valuable interpretations of this rule is Kant's categorical imperative: “act in such a way that the maxim of your will can be a universal law” ≡ “act in such a way that you always treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of everyone else, as an end, and never treat it only as a means”.�
It defines the essence of virtue within the framework of ethics.
But the bottom line is that there is no way. These concepts are formed in each person individually under the influence of the social institutions that he has passed, they are purely subjective and ephemeral. A lot depends on the denomination to which you belong, on the family that raised you, or on the lack of it, on the location where you live. Our society is aimed at humanistic goals(well, in theory, it should be), so what is good is considered to benefit other people, so altruism in our time is definitely good. But why do you need to formulate all these concepts, and even more so be interested in how to distinguish them from each other? Create them yourself! Just don't break the criminal code, of course, I don't want to say that this is something bad, but unpleasant consequences will definitely await you, and it is impossible to prove in court that you have a different vision of morality. Good luck with your reflection, comrade!
World philosophical thought has given humanity as a natural basis for ethics the so-called “golden rule”: treat people the way you want them to treat you. One of the most valuable interpretations of this rule is Kant's categorical imperative: “act in such a way that the maxim of your will can be a universal law” ≡ “act in such a way that you always treat humanity, both in your own person and in the person of everyone else, as an end, and never treat it only as a means”.�
It defines the essence of virtue within the framework of ethics.
But the bottom line is that there is no way.
These concepts are formed in each person individually under the influence of the social institutions that he has passed, they are purely subjective and ephemeral.
A lot depends on the denomination to which you belong, on the family that raised you, or on the lack of it, on the location where you live.
Our society is aimed at humanistic goals(well, in theory, it should be), so what is good is considered to benefit other people, so altruism in our time is definitely good.
But why do you need to formulate all these concepts, and even more so be interested in how to distinguish them from each other?
Create them yourself!
Just don't break the criminal code, of course, I don't want to say that this is something bad, but unpleasant consequences will definitely await you, and it is impossible to prove in court that you have a different vision of morality.
Good luck with your reflection, comrade!