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I have an article on my channel “Who is a philosopher” ( Link to it – https://zen.yandex.ru/media/staylle/da-kto-je-takoi-filosof-i-kak-liudi-imi-stanoviatsia-61644f31aa245b3197228fa0 ) and many separate articles that clarify the essence of both science in general and modern science.
In the sense that it was understood (already) by the ancients. If other sciences (as they put it) have known the world in frequent ways, then philosophy is meant to study the world in its universal totality (i.e., as a whole). It is precisely in this relation of study that “every such partial is examined only in relation to the being as being” (Aristotle). And the German philosopher Hegel even calls philosophy “absolute science” (“there is a philosophy, an absolute science”).
Philosophy is a super-science for super-tasks.
That says it all, the answer and meaning lies in the brevity of the definition.
Expanding the definition to a larger volume does not clarify the issue. According to Kant, such concepts as “world” and “God” are indefinable in principle, they are transcendental. Therefore, transcendental philosophy is a superscience in comparison with physics and metaphysics.
The essence of philosophy is to leave no stone unturned on what reflection is aimed at. Science is the study of the objective world through experience and logic. Science has a large number of dogmas (the existence of a more or less knowable world, the existence of a world outside of us, the existence of us, the acceptability of formal logic, the possibility of obtaining new data through experience, etc.). Philosophy can call this into question; turn it inside out; make it meaningless by turning to something completely different; endow it with new meanings. Philosophy is working with semantic constructs.
Philosophy is the love of wisdom. Wisdom is the possession of truth. Truth is the “absolute knowledge” of the truth. Thus, philosophy is the love of knowing everything. All sciences were born out of philosophy. A distinctive feature of philosophy from the sciences is a broader view. If an astrophysicist studies black holes, then a philosopher tries to understand how knowledge about them will affect life. Science influences the evolution of philosophical ideas, and philosophy is the impulse that determines the path of scientific research.
In the sense that with its help such a concept as science, and in general other concepts, is born. Philosophy literally means (IMHO) — reasoning. Any reasoning is a philosophy. If no one talked about what exactly these strange people(scientists) are doing, and how it can be called, characterized, distinguished from a generic concept, etc., then it would be impossible to say that scientists are engaged in science, and not, for example, “pink unicorn”, or “blue cat migraine”, or any other word or phrase.