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Oh, that's a really complicated idea. You should not underestimate this if you really want to understand Nietzsche's thought.
The Superman is Nietzsche's philosophical project to answer the question ” what can a person hope for in a world without God?”. Nietzsche had to witness the fall of the religious values of Europe, and believe me, he speaks about the death of God with great pain, because this is a real tragedy for any sober-minded person.
As a thinker of his era, he accepts the fact that the entire moral foundation of civilization has been devalued, and something needs to be done about it. Nietzsche's answer: you need to be strong enough in spirit to accept this and then reevaluate all values-something else to do – in order to re-endow this world with what makes sense.
We can say that a superman is someone who is able to resurrect God, because if there is no God, he should have been created.
Nietzsche had a special consciousness, and within the framework of ordinary logic, we can hardly answer this question satisfactorily in the words of philosophical reference books. Many have tried to adapt this idea to their own needs, the most famous of them being Hitler, which forever left Nietzsche with the stamp of a fascist philosopher – but this is not the case. Hitler caught the right message from Nietzsche – a new, special person can create a new world. And just like the Bolsheviks, he tried to create a new man from the old material, which is the man of our time, and this is impossible. That is why it is impossible to create an ideal state either before (Plato) or in our time (the USSR). A person must “let” God into himself – learn to act infallibly not because he is threatened with a criminal Code for this, but because of his own conviction. This is exactly what is currently impossible. But is it possible in principle? And Nietzsche thinks-yes, it is possible. This is his idea of the superman. As always with intuitionists, he does not have a direct answer to this question, but before our eyes this process is rapidly developing – this is the creation of a symbiotic socio-technological information space, which will give rise to this person. And it's not about sticking microchips in your brain. The person will be surrounded by objective information that will allow him not to make purely human mistakes that occur due to the reflex nature of brain activity. This is the “superman” that Nietzsche foresaw.
God is not dead, so He is not yet born. Decaying consciousness can sometimes work wonders in culture, science, or philosophy. Like the Apostle John, who lost his mind, but took over hundreds of millions of souls, Nietzsche gave an outlet to humanity, tired of the strain of the Church… Don't look for the Truth where it doesn't exist! For the truth is that we all “have a headache…”
Let's look at the information situation a hundred and fifty years ago. The world is visibly turning upside down (compare, at least, the realities of the middle and end of the 19th century). The sciences are still trying to find the mechanisms of this revolution (including both socio-economic and biological ones), and the idea of some kind of Progress as a Universal Law of Nature is quite logical (although what is this progress?). (By the way, the idea of a “natural path to communism” also naturally grew out of this :=)). The picture of various religions – right under the nose-blurs the old religious ideas. Here and not such bends of thought can grow.
Nietzsche's categorical imperative, explains,is heroism in everything, or not.Superman-not the one who is strong, he is also smart, well, at least for those who turned out to be stupid.
A small child who is not besmirched by religious Christian traditions of humility, self-abasement, obedience, shame for his uniqueness and strength. Three stages of becoming a superman – the first is a camel, a hero who says: “I can” and takes on the burden of responsibility. The second is a Lion who says “I want” and acts accordingly, and the third is a child who acts in all the glory of his spontaneity, not disfigured by social conventions.
Nietzsche's own idea is one thing. But another thing is “Nietzscheanism”, as it is understood in the media!
Often, what the author wrote is not exactly what people took from him and use.
As for example in the famous movie, where one smart person in conversation with another gives the idea of the book ” Men are from Mars, and women are from Venus!” as an argument in a dispute.
And to the question of the interlocutor-brilliant! have you read the whole thing?
I said no, I haven't read it, but the title itself already contains his whole idea.
So here, as an artist of the word, Nietzsche described a very strong emotional experience of a deeply unhappy strong person that if there is no support from God, then a person can become his own god.
And after his death, his work began to gain comments and interpretations, which led to the creation of the meme: “The idea of Nietzsche's superman when God died.”
Which began to live its own life. How this title is understood by those millions of readers.
Therefore, it is interesting here not what Nietzsche meant (this is a tragic relationship to his dramatic fate of a severely traumatized psyche), but what intellectuals who often use this combination now mean by this.
If you don't think slyly like Nietzsche, then the point is simple – whether the idea of God or the idea of a superman is just an IDEA. It was an IDEA, it is, and it will remain so. If someone has seen the realization of this useless idea in reality, i.e. someone has seen a superman or God, please give the facts. If not, then the question is closed! We are engaged in reality, i.e.-WHAT IS.
The idea that cost our country 27 million people killed, Hitler took a lot from him. The essence of his philosophy is that people are divided into weak and strong, because they have different will to power. The strong will always subdue the weak, this is not a bad thing. The ideal of his society is caste, estate. He called democracy a weakness. He calls the weak worthless people, the consumable material of history, located at the bottom of the class pyramid. He describes socialism as a green field where happy-go-lucky cattle graze. So to raise a superman, you need to create wild caste conditions, and the one who becomes strong in them, will achieve submission, is also a superman.
In short, this is the quintessence of social Darwinism
This is the most ancient cult turned upside down-the cult of ancestors
Only now does Nietzsche call us to bow down to descendants who will surpass us
A sort of cult of progress, very characteristic of the age of the Industrial Revolution
It is not true that Nietzsche reacts with pain to the fall of faith and morality. Nietzsche forcibly replaces God with a superman. From a philosophical point of view, he welcomes violence, pushing the falling person. So it is possible and in his opinion it is necessary to push all people, because man is a sinner. Nietzsche speaks of the demise of humanity. He is an opponent of God. His mind had failed him. Don't exaggerate his meaning, just look at how he finished. He fought against the truth fiercely and zealously, which is why it was so hard for him. I studied his creations in some detail. Everything he writes is a hoax. There must be kindness, love, mercy, a living soul. All of this is not trampled underfoot yet. Trample on the enemies of God and the human race will never succeed. Even with iron, even with gold. That's why they get angry. Violence, defiance of God, pathetic attempts that always end the way we see them all the time. Whoever takes the sword is killed by the sword. A lot of people don't want to see this. A person will never admit that he was wrong. But this is the truth.
Friedrich got excited by claiming that: God is dead. There are eyewitnesses among the still living – he did not go over the edge. These are infantes, just not ready for the threshold. Podzaderzhalis, do not dare to go to heaven.
Nietzsche's superman is a tragic character. Doomed to eternal loneliness (not to communicate with the crowd). Something like the ideals of the Vikings and chivalry. Aristocratic ideals. The aristocracy is a military class. In Nietzsche's time, the bourgeoisie – the merchant class-dominated. In fact, Nietzsche restored the ancient pagan worldview: cyclical time (everything goes in a circle) instead of linear (eternal progress). The warrior as an ideal, which is also characteristic of paganism. By the way, some pagan organizations/clubs / lodges use Nietzsche's ideas.
In absolute skepticism, because the soul is pushed aside, and everything that is offered is stubbornly bullish to show its right as over the person, eclipsing everything and everything. Only one point is forgotten… Man is not just mortal!? And suddenly mortal, too. And the whole idea of over, flies to tar tarry!
Know-it-alls, remember. F. Nietzsche explained to you that ” Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the superman-a rope over the abyss. What is valuable about a person is that they are a bridge, not a goal.” Know-it-alls, in order for you to understand this truth, and not give away your narratives on this topic, you need to refer to the works of the famous English geneticist B. Sykes: “From whom we descended or the seven daughters of Eve.” In this book, many of you will learn that the genotype of Homo sapiens or man appeared on Earth as a result of a genetic mutation of the mitochondrial DNA molecule of an ape that existed in Africa, 150 thousand years before the Birth of Christ. So on Earth there were people who scattered all over the globe. So, B. Sykes, built a matrilinear tree of clans or genotypes of people who differ somewhat in phenotype. But the most interesting discovery is that the last clan or genotype of this tree appeared as a result of mutation of the mDNA molecule of people from various clans, ethnic groups or tribes that existed and lived on the territory of Western Europe, 10 thousand years before the Birth of Christ. So on Earth there were people-predators or genotype, named by B. Sykes Elena clan. Thus, on Earth, among the herd of people, a pack of predator people appeared. The genotype of predator people, their spirit and will to power, is characterized by bloodthirsty mores that determine the behavior of predator people in society and the environment by the desire to kill and enslave people. This morality of predatory people and the corresponding morality is presented by F. Nietzsche to all mankind in the book “The Will to Power, the revaluation of all values”, as the dignity of a strong-minded superman over a weak-minded person. Know-it-alls, hence his image – concept: “Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the superman – a rope over the abyss. What is valuable in a person is that he is a bridge, not a goal.” Nietzsche. So, people-predators are Catholics, Nietzscheans, superhumans, and not people at all, in particular, Orthodox Christians.
“caring for the future is what gives a successful individual an extraordinary right to selfishness. If it represents a descending line, a decline, a chronic disease, then its value is insignificant, and it is necessary to pay attention that it would take as little space,strength and sunlight as possible from the successful “Superman in Nietzsche” a visionary who wants, creates “Creates for the benefit of the future, in the name of the”meaning of the earth”
The idea of a “superman” does not exist by itself: it arises in the development of Nietzsche's basic “religious” idea.
As you know, Nietzsche built his philosophy on the rejection of traditional religion, that is, faith in God (which, in his opinion, arose from primitive fear and hinders the development of Mankind). Nietzsche proclaimed the “death of God”, but immediately put a new fetish in the place of God, namely “Progress”, which in his opinion is something of value in itself, and it is precisely in promoting Progress that he saw the meaning of the existence of humanity as a whole and each person separately.
Disregard for individual interests in the name of” Progress “is the main idea of the” new religion”, under the sign of which the entire 20th century passed: almost all political doctrines of this period – from communism to fascism-were based on this idea.
A person is valuable only to the extent that he contributes to progress. Everything that hinders progress-the desire for personal well – being, the fear of personal death, empathy for the weak and disadvantaged, love (if it interferes with the “common cause”), etc. – should be discarded and forgotten. If a person manages to get rid of all these (and many other) qualities that hinder progress, he becomes a person of a new formation – a “superman”.
If a person considers the satisfaction of personal needs (for example, family happiness) to be the main thing in his life and does not give all of himself to the “cause of Progress”), then such a person is useless and, in fact, it is not clear why he exists at all.
Of course, Nietzsche did not think about any racial theories and belonging to the “supermen” of some “chosen” nations, so the Nazi perversions of his philosophy have nothing to do with it. However, the very division of people into “useful” and “useless” can easily lead to concentration camps, where the” useless “are made” useful ” in a violent way. At the same time, everyone can interpret what it means to “promote Progress” in their own way: for some, “Progress” means the creation of a thousand – year Reich, for others-the construction of communism, and for others-the development of science.
Nietzsche's religious doctrine was indeed (and still is) very popular. It is difficult to find a politician who does not talk about “public interests”, “duty to the Fatherland and Progress”, the need for “self-sacrifice” for some political goals, etc. However, it is high time to realize that Nietzsche's idea is profoundly false, since there is no reason to consider Progress as something truly valuable.
First, let's start with the fact that the only type of progress that can be considered proven (and even more so, objective) is scientific and technical progress. Social progress is a very vague thing, and whether it exists at all is a big question. In any case, it is hardly possible to say with complete certainty that modern socio-political structures are something more perfect than, for example, the organization of society in Ancient Rome or in Ancient China. The development of the person himself – as a person (in the sense of a consistent change in personal qualities from generation to generation) – is not observed at all. So the very idea that a “superman” will one day be formed from a human being is purely speculative and is not justified by scientific observations.
Secondly, scientific and technological progress, of course, exists objectively, but no one needs it. The main problem with all those who profess a Nietzschean view of progress (even if they do not know that it is a Nietzschean view) is that in their reasoning they constantly talk about universals as if they really exist. For example, they talk all the time about the interests of “humanity”, but realizing that there is no “humanity” in nature. “Humanity” is an abstract generalization, and like any abstraction, it cannot have “interests”. In reality, there are only individuals, and only these individuals have real life interests. These interests are very different and often mutually opposite, so it is impossible to deduce an average “interest” and declare it the “interest of Humanity”. So when talking about the value of Progress for someone, you should look for individuals who would be interested in it. And there are none, simply because a person cannot suffer from the lack of what he does not know. Our recent predecessors did not suffer from the lack of cell phones and social networks. Our more distant ancestors did just fine without running water or sewage. A person may want what his neighbor has, but not what hasn't even been invented yet. We all enjoy the “fruits of civilization”, but will our lives be any worse if scientific and technological progress suddenly stops? No, we just won't feel it. Therefore, we have no reason to consider “Progress” as something valuable in itself. Another thing is that it exists objectively, that is, independently of our desire, but this is not a reason to turn it into a likeness of God and pray for it (as, in fact, Nietzsche called for).
Of course, if the Universal Mind (or the same God) still exists and is interested in this very Progress, then the worship of Progress becomes part of the worship of God, and this would contradict Nietzschean denial of God. That is, in this case, Nietzscheanism will return to the starting point from which it started.
In any case, Nietzsche was wrong. But for political demagogues, the Nietzsche doctrine is a treasure trove. The 20th century is the age of predominant godlessness. If in the previous millennia politicians mainly made fools of the people, referring to the “will of God”, then in Modern Times this tactic has ceased to be effective. And Nietzsche and his “Progress”came to replace him in a very timely manner. If earlier any political abominations (exploitation, wars, persecution of free thought) were justified by “the need to obey the will of God”, now all this is justified by “the need to promote Progress” (and “Progress” is understood as something that benefits the authorities).
It's not the idea that matters it's the execution that matters and people have problems with it tried to build a society of equals got a society of brainwashed beggars run by a bunch of people tried to build a society of superhumans got fucked up tried to build a society where everyone has equal rights got a gray-brown-raspberry vinaigrette. As long as a person has greed, envy, lust for power, nationalism, intolerance and most importantly mutton stupidity, all philosophical ideas will spoil.
I read about twenty years ago, What Zarathustra said,. I think Nietzsche hastened with his superman. We haven't even become human yet. For me, people and humans are different entities. Humans are just like other animals on this earth. And you still need to become a person, or not to become one? Or at least try. If there is a Supreme Being, then he has given us his own Will, not to direct it outward, but first of all to defeat the little animal in us. In the meantime, we are a virus in the noosphere of the earth, I would like to believe that it is not lethal.
Simply put, a person is born with many deformities and his task is to overcome these deformities, to cross the bridge to the supposedly superman, that is, to someone who is already considered something else.
I have already said here more than once, and I will repeat again, that Nietzsche took the idea of the superman from the Gospels. As is known from his biography, he was born into the family of a Protestant priest and from childhood knew the Holy Scriptures, the teachings of Christ, about which, by the way, he always expressed himself with honor and awe. BUT since he did not see the continuation of His work in Christianity and the Church, which he most often reviled and criticized for falling away from Christ, he apparently decided to go his own way, taking the ideas of Christ and translating them into his philosophy. So the doctrine of the superman is a transformed teaching from the Gospel about a New Creature – a New Creation that needs to become. Christ taught that we are inheriting a fallen, sinful nature from birth, and we need rebirth, rebirth that comes through faith in Christ, through conscious repentance, redemption, and following the path of Christ. This path became Nietzsche's bridge to the superman.
“The only meaning of life is the superman.”
That is, it is the maximum development of a person, an ideal, without weaknesses, shortcomings and limitations.
Nietzsche's weaknesses included morals, shame, feelings, and human nature, since they force a person to do not what his mind dictates to him.
At the same time, one should not confuse the actions of a superman with cynical and immoral behavior, as well as with cruelty and arrogance.
In general, the concept of the superman cannot be briefly described, it is contradictory in itself, and besides, Nietzsche argued with specific authors (Schopenhauer and Freud), and their concepts should also be presented.
“Aim for your goal, go your own way.”
In general, if you don't do something because you are afraid, or don't know, or others don't give it to you, then this behavior is not worthy of a “superman”.
And if you do the same thing, but because you want to and you are sure that this is the right thing to do,then you are a beauty!
For example, Danko ( with a flaming heart) is a prime example of a superman, because he did an impossible heroic act. And he, Danko-loshara, because incompetently gave his life for the gratitude of strangers unknown to him.
To put it quickly, at the top – the essence of life (and all things) is the will to power. The will to power is understood by Nietzsche not only in the political sense, but also as the will to create, self-knowledge, self-sacrifice for the benefit of society. The will to power expresses itself through affirmation and negation (active and passive, reactive). Denial is aimed at destruction, annihilation. Active is aimed at self-affirmation, comprehension of being, self-realization. The reactive will leads to a vegetative existence, preaches humility and passivity. Modern man, according to Nietzsche, has stopped in the development of the will at a reactive level, and only the superman (the next stage of development) is able to control the will to power, and bring it to an active state. In general, the superman builds and creates life himself, guided by positive attitudes. Unfortunately, many people understand the essence of the superman as the personification of the will of power, as a political force controlling “subhumans”. An example of a superman is Zarathustra. (this is already my understanding).