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Philosophy is your thoughts. You always build some mental constructions, ideas – this is a philosophy. But if a mental construction, an idea embodied in reality begins to work – this is already a science.
In the distant past, in Ancient Greece, the idea of philosophy was introduced to the world. Since then, the theoretical foundations (and “skeleton”) of this discipline have begun to take shape. But it is not necessary to say that today it has fully acquired the features of a philosophical science. Perhaps because philosophy is not a simple science. Difficulties in forming its system also arise from the fact that it is impossible to apply existing knowledge, methodologies from other sciences known to us, because in many ways (and sometimes essentially) it differs from all of them. She's different…
In short, there is still a lot of uncertainty in it. For example, in philosophy, it is not clearly defined what is the subject and object of knowledge in it. And what of that is presented too generally, without sufficient (for that) specification…
Perhaps this is due to the fact that philosophy is aimed at understanding the whole world with all its being. This is a different way of knowing and differs from the same familiar knowledge that is inherent in the empirical sciences.
How to study philosophy? It is best to start with classical philosophical works. There are quite a few of them.
Philosophy is a kind of ideology, i.e. the derivation of the concept of reality not from itself, but from, again, the concept of it. To the question: do we need ideology in general, and philosophy in particular ?- you can answer unequivocally: “No need!”, adding that the history of philosophy must be studied systematically, since it is the history of the development of theory in general, and in its element is hostile to all scholasticism, casuistry and dogmatism(formalism). The belief that in cognition principles, concepts, definitions, etc. forms of thought are reflections of reality, and cannot have an independent history, is instilled by this science. Natural science instills in us a materialistic view of nature, but this area is not enough to understand the history of human society and consciousness(thinking).The history of philosophy instills an aversion to any speculative understanding and interpretation of being (reality) and the construction of philosophical systems in the head. The most perfect system was created by Hegel, and on it philosophy ended its journey as a mental speculation.Marx turned it” off its head” and put it “on its feet”, i.e., on its earthly basis.From that moment on, all philosophy and ideology became simply impossible in essence, but they remain, in their historical forms, tenacious phenomena according to tradition and according to the division of labor.If in the Soviet Union the majority of citizens were instilled with a dialectical view of nature, the same cannot be said about the attitude to history and consciousness.For the most part, the Soviet people here were idealists, i.e. they were idealists. not for those who believe in ideals, but in the question of the primacy of existence in relation to “being-consciousness”, i.e., in the basic question of philosophy.Why, for example, is historical materialism viewed as a science with hostility? Because in its form it is a dry systematization of history in the form of scientific categories. The development of socialism and communism in history moves from individual phenomena to special and universal forms, and the process of becoming concrete, and not illusory, is illustrated by thinkers before us. So, go ahead!?
What is philosophy — you can read on Wikipedia.
About how to start learning it. First, you need to find out the goals for studying it, since this lesson requires a lot of time, because it is a very extensive topic. Philosophy appeared several centuries before our era and up to the present day, many works of various philosophers were written.
You should start with ancient Greek philosophy, I advise you to start with the dialogue” The State ” Plato is a fundamental work in Western philosophy and is written in simple language.