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Good afternoon! I suggest that we look separately at the three different categories that you mentioned in the question, since in fact they represent three different forms of our activity-mind/consciousness, emotions/feelings, and sensations/body.
Our mind is responsible for generating ideas, for thoughts and the basis of its work is provided by neurosensory connections, that is, the activity of neurons in the brain. Emotions are of a slightly different nature.
Back in the 1950s, Paul McLain, an American neuroscientist, discovered that emotions arise in special brain structures that he called limbic structures. These are subcortical formations — the amygdala, the septum of the brain, and others. It is in them that emotional arousal occurs, which then spreads to various parts of the central nervous system — both the cortex and the spinal cord, and, in general, covers the peripheral nervous system, that is, the most diverse organs, after the central nervous system. We can practically say that every cell in the body responds to our emotions.
It is from emotions that sensations arise in the body – bodily experiences, the experience of certain reactions.
By the way, scientific medical psychosomatics originates precisely from this series of studies, which continue to this day.
Brain… The brain! Only its various departments!
Mind, or more precisely, rational activity, is the result of the work of the cerebral cortex.
And emotions and motivations – which are a mechanism for manipulating instinctive (subconscious) activity into rational (conscious) activity-are the work of older, deeper brain structures. Limbic system, hypothalamus… Emotions and feelings are formed with the participation of hormones and neurotransmitters.
Instincts, with the help of positive or negative reinforcement, set the motivation for intellectual activity. By means of which this motivation is realized or inhibited.
Traumatization of certain areas of the cerebral cortex-changes or destroys the mental activity.
Various psychotropic substances change the emotional state of a person.
The generator of REASON is INTENTIONALITY, as the very nature of directed intention in the Habitual sense. Naturally, the recognition of the “indispensability of intentional idioms and the importance of an autonomous science of intent” of the phenomenon of consciousness rejects a strictly physicalist ontology, which is the acceptance of at least a dualistic model of the theory of Consciousness (Mind). And the presence of emotions, sensations – – – is the subject of research on the mental content of SUBJECTIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL (QUALITATIVE (in the sense of Reason)) THE REALITY generated by Consciousness.
This is a very difficult question. Our brain, roughly speaking, can be represented as a computer. The hard disk is an environmental experience, emotions are an external user who manages data from hard disks, and the processor is responsible for the totality of their interaction, which transfers actual data at a particular moment to RAM.
The generator of the mind is the mind itself as a part of a Person. The generator of emotions is the Soul, the astral body. The generator of sensations is particularity. Man is made up of parts, systems, apparatuses, particulars, bodies, and Spirit in wholeness.
The world is the Hebrew God Yahweh. We are embedded in his mind. We and God cannot be separated. Proof? Try not to think. Well, how long have you not thought?
Hormones are the generator of a healthy mind, emotions, and feelings.
Melatonin, serotonin, and cortisol. A healthy mind is impossible with hormonal failure, or with mental disorders. In these cases, the body does not release enough hormones, as a result of which a person is not able to look at the world soberly, is not able to receive emotions and sensations.
In the end, it turns out that hormones are our everything. Without them, we are not able to feel the world and live.