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The idea that there are “simple” and “complex” sciences leads to a misconception that can be called mathematical or natural science chauvinism. When a scientist thinks that once he knows mathematics, it means that he will easily understand literary studies.
I would say that there are two vectors – intuitiveness/counterintuitiveness and simplicity/complexity. The latter is the number of elements in the worldview. So, you can arrange the sciences from mathematics to sociology and beyond – and this will increase the complexity.�
Mathematics is much simpler than sociology, because sociology is the study of a society consisting of individuals with a psyche, each of whom is a biological object, and biology is biochemistry, and chemistry is physics, and physics is mathematics. But at the same time, it will also be an increase in intuitiveness.
Starting from a certain point, mathematics loses its intuitiveness and requires the development of special, superhuman intuition in order to understand it, but the closer you get to sociology, the easier it is to apply everyday intuition to predict the behavior of that extremely complex object, which is society.
The most difficult science in the world is historical science. There are hundreds of versions of it, all the only correct ones, and some are even protected from criticism by the criminal legislation of individual countries. Such a complex situation does not exist in any other science.
I think that the most complex sciences are those with the least clarity, and it is not even clear whether they are sciences at all. This approach is complicated by the fact that in different sciences, different sections co-exist, with, respectively, different degrees of clarity. For example, in clear mathematics, there is a section called “foundations of mathematics”that is not completely clear. By “clarity”, in this case, I mean only logical and methodological clarity, and by “complexity”, often, uncertainty and ambiguity in “what” is said and about “what”, but not only. For example, explanation through concepts that are themselves quite “obscure”, found in the humanities (Hempel). In the head of each individual scientist, everything can be clear and understandable, although the rest of him, for some reason, do not understand, or do not understand correctly. All this leads to disruptions in communication (or even destruction of communication) between scientists (Kuhn-Feyerabend incommensurability), and, as a result, subjectivism, relativism, and, accordingly, lack of progress.
I think that the most difficult science is mathematics (namely, research in the field of mathematical theory, and not the application of mathematics to solving practical problems). There are sections in it that scientists are very likely to go crazy if they study them seriously, and this is not an urban legend, but a real fact known to mathematicians.
Some, however, do not consider mathematics a science.
On the other hand, it's all the same stuff with philosophy.
So in the exact disciplines, I would definitely bet on mathematics, and in the humanities-on philosophy. Although both are not sciences in the strict sense. These are areas of knowledge, thinking about which is at the limit of the capabilities of the human brain and often goes beyond these limits.
I would not undertake to designate any science as the “most” complex, because the criteria by which we should sort these sciences are not clear. Let's start with the most important thing: there are humanities and technical sciences, exact and abstract, accepted by society as sciences or rejected by it.
Judging by the complexity and cumbersomeness of calculations, the first place is occupied, of course, by astronomy and astrophysics. Judging by the amount of data that you need to know in order to navigate science, this is history and archeology. Judging by the complexity of perception, this is philosophy in the humanities and quantum physics (or string theory-here “who studied for what”, as they say). If we expand our definitions as much as possible, then most likely, in the end, we will get physics in its modern form as the most complex science.
The most difficult science is how to stay human in any “difficult” situation. How to learn to act in such a way that you can look everyone in the eye without waiting for them to praise and without fear of reproach.
There are no complex or simple sciences. This is like saying that English is harder than Chinese. It will be easier for the Chinese to learn the language of their group, and for the American to learn the language of his own. It's like the fields of sciences – if the hand is in the humanities, then it will be easier to teach other sciences from this area.
Surprisingly, no one named genetics among the most difficult, meanwhile, in serious scientific genetics (and not in stories about Mendel and peas), the devil will break a leg, even the course for the first year of Honey is tooth-crushing, what can we say about science in general.
Personally, I think that the most difficult science in the world is quantum mechanics, because it is impossible to observe quanta in the ordinary state in our time. If we shine a flashlight on a billiard ball in total darkness, then nothing will happen to the ball, because the light does not harm it in any way, but if we shine it on quanta, the situation will be much more complicated, because quanta are so small that even light can move them, and it turns out that we only see where we moved the quanta, trying to It is this fact that makes this science so complex and confusing.
The most complex sciences are biological sciences. �For example, генет genetics. �
In addition, Biology also includes Medicine. It is also not an easy science.
And besides, Biology is always changing. Biology is plants, animals, humans, bacteria, even the entire Planet.
As a technical specialist, it is interesting and simple for me to study mathematics and physics. Technical sciences of various kinds are easily given.
But I have great respect for medical scientists, physiologists, microbiologists, and geneticists.
I find it very challenging and interesting.