5 Answers

  1. I don't agree with those who unsubscribe from above.

    Applicable to your question, the biochemical theory of memory (for long-term memory) and the physiological mechanism of arousal circulation in closed neural circuits (short-term memory) immediately come to mind.

    The biochemical theory implies the presence of molecules – “carriers” of memory, of a peptide nature. A bit of history:

    To the Swedish histochemist X. Hiden was able to establish that the process of excitation in nerve cells increases the reproduction and consumption of RNA and protein synthesis. This started a lot of experiments with recording changes in the amount of RNA in different areas of the brain under the conditions of developing conditioned reflexes.

    A lot of experiments were conducted on insects, planarians and, eventually, mice. American scientist J. McConell developed conditioned reflexes in planarians, namely, he taught them to turn in a T-shaped maze always in the illuminated direction (during training, the planarian was electrocuted every time they tried to turn in an unlit part). At the end of the training, pieces of these planarii were fed to other, untrained ones, and nerve nodes were transplanted from them. The results showed that cannibal planarians and planarians with new nerve nodes adopted the experience of their dead counterparts.

    Later, the Americans experimented with mice. They were trained in some skill, then killed, prepared from the brain emulsion, extract or extract RNA and injected into other animals intraperitoneally or in the cerebrospinal fluid. From the brain extract of mice trained to be afraid of the dark, a protein substance – a peptide-was isolated. After the introduction of it, untrained mice also began to be afraid of the dark. The peptide was given the name “scotoglobin”, which in translation should mean”obscostrach”. Scientists managed to recreate a synthetic analog of this peptide and prove its universality, that is, the possibility of using it on other biological species. Golden carp after the introduction of a synthetic carrier began to be afraid of the dark.

    Thus, the existence of peptide memory carriers was proved.

    This mechanism can also be applied to thought processes. The peptide is destroyed or simply disconnected from the nerve cell – the information temporarily disappears.

    This, of course, is not the only explanation. Just a theory.

    In addition, in the brain, the excitation of any areas is mediated by neurotransmitters, dopamine and acetylcholine are the most common.

    Mediator – – – – receptor on the nerve cell – – – – generation of arousal – – – – effect (for example, the beginning of mental activity). But we must understand that mental activity is the highest function, and it comes not from one cell or region, but from many co-functioning areas.

    And when a thought suddenly disappears, it is quite possible that at this moment the supply of, say, acetylcholine to the synaptic cleft stops in some areas, the postsynaptic membrane is not excited, the nerve impulse is not generated, thoughts do not arise.

    As for the excitation circulation. Today, short-term memory is explained to her. There are groups of neurons connected to each other in such a way that a nerve impulse (excitation, action potential, PD) that has come to one of them is chased around in a circle for some time. If this process is constantly fueled by new” portions ” of bioelectricity, the excitation goes to the areas responsible for long-term memory. Where information has been brewing for decades. And if there are not enough servings, the excitement fades, and the information is forgotten.

  2. “I think, therefore I exist,” said the French scientist Rene Descartes, a contemporary of the famous Musketeer d'Artagnan. Really – after all, a person is like that, what his thoughts are. For example, d'Artagnan's mind was filled with thoughts of a strong musketeer friendship, duels with the cardinal's guards, searches for the queen's pendants, and, of course, the beautiful Constance Bonacieux.

    But, after all, sometimes thoughts disappear. We say, “d'Artagnan thought, “”thought flashed by,” meaning that thought is not eternal; it has a beginning and an end. And when one thought ends, a new one comes to replace it. Where are the lost thoughts hiding? And where do the new ones come from? These questions have been asked by scientists in all ages. The mathematician Henri Poincare wrote: “Thought is only lightning in the night, but in this lightning is everything.”

    It turns out that it is the constant switching from one thought to another that allows us to navigate the outside world, solve problems and achieve success. But if the thought “gets stuck” in your head, then this is already a mess. Imagine what it would have been like if d'Artagnan had thought only of Constance and had been unable to turn his mind to anything else. How would he have defeated his wily rival, Rochefort, or outwitted the equally wily Milady? Only by switching from one task to another – and d'Artagnan did this very quickly – could he ride a horse at one moment, fight with swords at another, and feast with his friends Athos, Porthos, and Aramis at the third.

    It is said, however, that the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar did not need to switch from one thought to another. According to legend, he could do several things at once, for example, read reports and dictate several letters at the same time. Only now modern brain researchers doubt this legend. Scientists conducted experiments in which subjects were asked to solve several tasks at the same time, for example, to follow images on the screen and simultaneously listen to sounds, reacting to both by pressing a button. It turned out that combining both actions is extremely difficult. The researchers carefully analyzed the results of these experiments and found that even the most successful subjects never engaged in both tasks at the same time. Instead, they quickly switched from one signal to another: first they thought about the image, then the sound, then the image again, and so on.

    To make sure that several thoughts in your head get along with difficulty, try reading a book aloud and simultaneously solving an arithmetic example. Do you notice how your thoughts stray from one activity to another?

    Scientists describe the process of concentrating on a particular thought with the concept of “attention.” You've probably heard the teacher say, ” Read carefully.” What does this mean? It turns out that the brain is able to concentrate its resources on one specific task, while ignoring all the others. And these resources, by the way, are colossal. The brain is made up of billions of cells called ” neurons.” Neurons are connected to each other by the thinnest wires, with the help of which they continuously exchange electrical impulses, as if talking to each other. And all this huge neural network is mobilized when it is necessary to focus on a certain subject. So, for example, a track and field athlete sets up for the high jump: a huge stadium with thousands of fans ceases to exist for him; the athlete sees only the bar that he has to overcome.

    In addition to attention, a good memory is needed for a successful train of thought. For example, to solve arithmetic examples, you need to remember the multiplication table; and to read well, you need to remember the letters.

    So, attention, memory and the ability to switch thoughts from one subject to another-this is the basis of our mental activity, and therefore existence (think of Rene Descartes). Scientists have found that the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain located in its front part, where the forehead is, is particularly important for maintaining thinking processes. Humans have a very large prefrontal cortex, but the giraffe has a small one. That's why the giraffe “gets it like a giraffe”, and not because it has a long neck.

    Unfortunately, there are diseases that affect the brain and disrupt thinking. Thoughts can appear and disappear very quickly – such a person is not able to focus on anything and can not finish anything. This disorder is called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

    It also happens the other way around – the thought “gets stuck” in your head and doesn't go anywhere. These thoughts are called obsessive thoughts and can be associated with serious psychiatric disorders. This doesn't just happen to patients who think they're Napoleon. There are many types of this disease. Obsessions are often unpleasant for patients, but they can not get rid of them. Such psychiatric disorders are associated with a violation of the prefrontal cortex, the very one that controls the flow of thoughts.

    Modern medicine can successfully treat many psychiatric diseases. Scientists hope that in the future, any person with mental disorders can be returned to normal. For this purpose, drugs and therapeutic methods are being developed, such as, for example, electrical or electromagnetic stimulation of brain regions. The goal of doctors is to normalize brain function, to make sure that thoughts appear and disappear as they should – not too quickly,but not too slowly.

    So, we learned that in a normally functioning brain, thoughts appear and disappear. But where do they come from? There are several sources of thought. First of all, it is the external world that we perceive through the senses – sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell. Thoughts evoked by external phenomena help us to evaluate these phenomena and react correctly to them. The source of thoughts can also be the people with whom we communicate. Often, they give us ready-made, well-formulated thoughts, but sometimes they also tell us stupid things. An important source of thoughts is the brain itself, which stores the rich information that we have accumulated over the years of our lives. We can easily think about what happened to us a month or a year ago. This information is drawn from memory.

    And the last question: where do thoughts go? Thoughts don't disappear without a trace. They are recorded in memory, although some of the information may be lost. The brain does not record these seemingly worked-out thoughts for nothing. After all, they may be needed in the future. However, it is not necessary to rely on the resources of your own brain to remember thoughts. Some thoughts should also be written down in a notebook or on a computer. But if you are writing down your own thoughts, remember the saying of the German philosopher Schopenhauer:”He who thinks clearly expounds clearly.”

    Thanks to Yanina Kastosova, economist and philosopher at Quincy Bioscience Holding Co., Inc., for her help in preparing the answer.

  3. In the early 2000s, it was found that memory can be altered when recalled, while using memory. Memory becomes plastic and can be changed. However, the molecular mechanisms of memory storage are still unknown. There are only individual experiments, guesses, and hypotheses. Therefore, this question remains open to this day.

  4. This was written by �Alexander Zhitinsky: “I've been living in the seventh dimension for a long time. Some people think that I do this out of pride or a desire to be original. I'm just comfortable here, that's all.

    First, you can clearly see where your thoughts are falling. They settle in the fifth dimension, while they are searched for in the daytime with fire, where everything is plowed and plowed a thousand times. In the fifth dimension, for example, a few thoughts that have safely escaped Einstein are sitting idle and playing poker.

    Secondly, there are no such drafts as in the first three dimensions. Since you have to think with your skin here, the absence of drafts allows you to concentrate well. I especially love it when my thoughts tingle in my fingertips. It's just dangerous to think with your head here.

    I sit and watch. Many in Euclidean space, intellectuals in the fourth dimension, and even then not all of them, lost thoughts in the fifth, psychos in the sixth. I'm in seventh grade. The most interesting thing is to watch how psychos steal failed thoughts in the fifth dimension. They squeeze them like kittens, and when they've had enough of playing, they leave them. Then I carefully transfer these thoughts to myself, in the seventh dimension, and here I safely publish.

    It's just a pity that there's no one to read it.”

  5. For general development, I will say about the idea-this is the fastest thing in the world, faster than the speed of light, I think many people guess this, since my grandmother told me about it as a child, the main thing is to prove it.

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