Gentlemen philosophers, is it possible to conclude that motion is any process in matter, change is a special case of motion, and development is a type of change that is irreversible and directed in time?

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3 Answers

  1. Strictly speaking, the relationship between the concepts of “change “and” movement ” will depend on the specific philosophical system in which they are used. In many cases, they are treated as synonyms, but they may also differ (which also raises the problem of translating from different languages). Thus, the article “Movement” in the” New Philosophical Encyclopedia ” indicates the philosophy of Plato:

    Plato distinguished between qualitative change (αλλοιωσις) and movement relative to a certain place (περιφορα):” I say that there are two kinds of movement: change and displacement ” (Plato. Theaetetus 181. – aka. Soch., vol. 2. Moscow, 1970, p. 277).

    However, for Aristotle, “movement” and” change ” are synonymous:

    Aristotle identifies motion �(κινησις) with change and counts four (“On the soul”, I 3, 406 a12) or �six types (“Categories”, 15): arising, annihilation, increase, �reduction, transformation and displacement. Movement is the actualization of a potential possibility, the transition from the possible to the real (Physics III, 1 201 b 4) and from the actual to the possible, which takes place not instantly, but in time, which is secondary to movement, being its measure.

    In the future, the identification of” movement “and” change ” in philosophy was also quite common:

    In 19th-century German natural philosophy, movement is interpreted broadly and “is identified not with movement in space and time, but with” changes and processes. < … > In the concept of ” emergent evolution “(S. Alexander, C. L. Morgan), “the idea of various levels of existence was carried out, which” are determined by the nature of movement identified with change, and ” the degree of ideality of driving forces.

    As for development, the encyclopedia gives two definitions to this term:

    1. the highest type of movement and change in nature and society, associated with the transition from one quality, state to another, from the old to the new. “Every development is characterized by specific objects, structure(mechanism), source, forms and direction.�

    2. irreversible, progressive change of objects of the spiritual and material world in time, understood as linear and unidirectional.

  2. All movement is possible only in time. Outside of time, movement is unthinkable, except metaphorically. Development is a movement towards something, and it is pointless to talk about development without some purpose and expediency. Finally, the development is quite reversible. The reversal of development is called degradation.

  3. The initial principle of systems theory is that each system is a union of its elements through some common property for all-the substantial property of the elements of the system. Through the substantial property, elements build relationships with each other, which is realized in the existence of the system.

    Real systems, as elements of matter, are united through their substantial property-motion. Motion is always characteristic of specific systems. The existence of a system begins with movement in the form of influence on other systems. The mutual influence of two systems on each other is a relation, and that of three or more systems is a relationship.

    Movement is discrete and has its own element at the base – action. Sequential actions of one system on another – impact, as a system of actions, a form of influence. The corresponding form of relationship is interaction, and the form of relationship is the interaction field. Subsequent forms of movement: assistance, counteraction, communication, contradiction, interrelation, field of contradiction. All of them represent certain systems of actions and are interrelated as concepts. Take advantage of the new knowledge – this is quite enough to write a PhD in philosophy.

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