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The difference between lying and lying does not exist in all languages — this difference, for example, is indescribable in English:” to lie “rather means ” to lie”, and even their etymology is common, whereas there is no such connection between “to lie” and “to lie” at all.
The meaning of the word “lie”, in general, is clear to everyone: to tell lies, consciously give untrue information. The word is used in a pejorative sense. A liar and a liar are definitely bad and harmful people.
The meaning of the word “lie” is somewhat different: this is not something that consciously, purposefully tell lies, but rather to make mistakes or inaccurately convey this or that information, to downplay or exaggerate. Liar, liar and liar — people are not so much bad and harmful, as they behave incorrectly.
If agents of the Third Branch of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery invade your friend's house and ask where you, a political criminal, a revolutionary, are hiding, and he does not tell them the truth, then for you he will be a liar, because he will not tell the truth, but will not act badly or harmfully from your point of view, although it is wrong — and for them
The Russian language is generally very thin on differences in the meanings of certain words, although in the modern world the areas of their applicability are getting closer and closer to each other, which I personally do not consider something good, although I understand that this is natural, but questions like yours help all these differences to stay afloat.
Lying is a universal concept that is used both in science and in everyday life.
Lying is a practical everyday expression for deliberate everyday lies.
My opinion is exactly the opposite of Alexander's.
Lies can be the result of misinformation or its banal lack (of information). In this case, a person may be convinced of his rightness because he does not know the true situation. This, so to speak, is excusable for him, since it happens unintentionally. In this case, it is possible to direct a person in the right direction and then the lie will go away as such. But don't forget that lying can be good.)
Lying has the opposite effect. In this case, the person fully owns the information, but at the same time deliberately distorts it.