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Today, everyone is arguing about what universal values are, what values should guide all people on earth, regardless of their state, race, national, religious (and so on) affiliation. German psychoanalyst, who is also called the forerunner of existential psychology, Erich Fromm speaks about the so-called existential, that is, the main human needs that determine our existence. It seems to me that these needs answer the question of what they are-universal values. Fromm, I think, has them listed:
Existential connection building needs. All your life, a person consciously or unconsciously seeks to unite with other people.
Existential needs to overcome yourself. This concept consists in the desire for creation, in particular – for creativity.
Human existential needs for rootedness. To feel like a full-fledged representative of your species, it is important for a person to be aware of their roots. That is why, for example, the mother-child connection is so strong – in this connection, you can see the desire to take root.
Existential needs for self-identity. This need is manifested in the concept of one's own “I”, which is initially embedded in a person.
Existential needs in the value system. A person creates a system of values as the basis of their behavior, rules based on which they live their life.
A person usually does not want to burden himself. This quite natural quality takes on a special significance in the question of universal values. The most important value of a person is the ability to stay in the optimal socially acceptable framework. What is it? This means that a person has such moral guidelines that respect the interests of all normal people. These landmarks are the Lord's Commandments. And it's not about religion. I do not know of any religious or social movements that call for looting and killing. If such people appeared – for example, fascism – they suffered a catastrophe in a short historical time. The trouble is, as I said earlier, people don't want to burden themselves. So when you start talking about the Commandments, it immediately starts:”No, that's not it.” And all sorts of confused “mind games” are put forward-just to do nothing. When I served in the army, and I served like a copper pot for 30 years, the authorities often expressed themselves in the style of:”I do not know how to do this, but you are doing it wrong.” This is what a person does, although he has long been shown how to act. But there is another aspect that few people think about or just don't know about. Normal human values can only appear in a healthy brain. At the same time, it should be taken into account that we are not talking about mentally ill people, but about the peculiarities of their mentality. In the Gospel, in the Parable of the Sower, Christ himself identifies 4 types of human mentality: mentally ill, borderline states, personality disorders and healthy. We will not talk about the first and last ones. A person in a borderline state “has no root in himself and is unstable.” Any unfavorable event or suggestion turns him into a mentally ill person, although in everyday life he is quite a normal person, and everyone around wonders how this could have happened to him. This is Chikatilo or, for example, “Kazan shooter”. I even know, approximately, what I would find in them when studying them using a new technique – EEG spectrum dispersion(see figure). These people are not able to stay in socially acceptable cancers for long. and they have no idea about them. Personality disorders are “sown in thorns” – which “the cares of this world and the deceit of riches” lead astray, but they are able to easily go back and observe universal values, but they are tempted-these are the majority. “One spacious road is full of the passions of a slave. On it a huge, greedy crowd goes to the temptation, ” as N. Nekrasov wrote. But this will not always be the case. The information revolution will create a socio-technological information space that will help provide vague universal values with objective “crutches” of accurate knowledge. It will be hard and not immediately, but it will still be there. But there will still be borderline conditions – they need to be identified and treated.
What are moral values? These are moral and ethical principles that we consider correct and important. Among them:: love, honesty, love of freedom, ability to forgive, respect for life, self-control. Thus, our moral values determine how we behave, what priorities we set, how we treat people, and what moral guidance we give to our children.
And such values are inherent in most cultures. But today they are in decline. And there are reasons for that.
We're all different. But we are all children of planet Earth. This is our mother, and our life depends on whether the Earth is sick or healthy. This means that the health of the planet is a universal value. But without love for each other, we will turn into animals. Separately, I would like to highlight the love for children. There are certain categories of people for whom the concept of “love”does not exist. Some kind of beastmen. But it is impossible to focus on their worldview, it is necessary to move forward, focusing on universal values.
The state is so divided, so secretly or openly selfish, that there is no need to talk about any universal values – this is how it has always been and will always be. Even such a universal value as LIFE has no value. However, if the court manages to prove the murder, then the appointed price is usually low. (Or even completely bypass it for free. Highest price: EXECUTION-relatively rare in the world. Justification here (“And who are the judges?” – people who can make mistakes willingly or unwittingly). Differences in races, mentalities, religions, customs, languages, and God knows what else add fuel to the fire.
But the UNDERSTANDING that humanity may DISAPPEAR, and the FEAR of this, forces them to “Peaceful coexistence”. But at every opportunity, they continue to harm each other (“people”, states).
Amen.
Enduring human values exist. For example, such qualities as: Love, Loyalty, Honesty, Self-control. All these qualities are driven by genuine, but true love for oneself and others. I liked the quote from the wise book: “Above all, put on love, which is the totality of perfection.”
You see, there are two approaches to situevine.
The first of them is that If all people share some value, then it is universal.
Second, there is something that all people should share and that can and should extend to all of humanity.
At the first approach to the situationin any discussion of kirdyk. For in the world of empiricism and statistics, we do not observe any propositions that are so general to all that they cannot be rejected, even if they are purely verbal (nominally).
Which doesn't mean that such values don't exist. If we take a knapsack and go from the world of empiricism to the world of ideas. Then these values may well be universal.
Read more about this in my post :
http://thequestion.ru/questions/51205/kakov-pervoistochnik-zla-v-etom-mire-i-est-li-ono-voobshe