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Well, look. About ideological aspects I answered earlier. But they are not more important, but practical aspects. At a pre-election rally (it doesn't matter for whom), pamphlets with the party's program, badges and caps with the logo are placed on the table in front of the entrance. What do you think, from your own experience, how many brochures, caps and badges will be left there by the evening? Correctly. There will be no caps left, five badges , and almost all the brochures.
People generally don't care about the subtleties, and they don't want to learn them. At least because they have their own idea of everything and don't like to change it. People just like to identify with large social groups so that they don't get scared and lonely. Therefore, they do not care whether communism is combined with monarchism or not. They just like to stand in a crowd of thousands (or at least ten) of people in identical caps, because this creates the illusion of security. And no matter what slogan and flag the next political career seeker chooses, someone will definitely stand under this flag if they distribute caps. It's just that the badges still need to be pinned, you can prick yourself, there will be a hole in the jacket, the latch will bend, you can't grab it with your fingers in any way… no, better caps.
There is nothing mutually exclusive in the example you have invented. Both Orthodoxy, monarchism, and Stalinism presuppose strict unity of command, order, canon, and tradition. For a follower of this current of yours, it is important to have all of the above, plus the figure of a leader who embodies and controls all this. And who he is-the general secretary, the Patriarch of All Russia or the Emperor – does not matter.�
In reality, it is much more common to find not a logical absurdity in the names of parties or movements, but a complete contradiction between the name and the actual content of the activity. There are plenty of examples, starting with the modern Communist Party.�
The psychological background of this is obvious: the average man in the street does not bother at all with the name and essence of the activity, it is important for him to feel that he belongs to a certain social force that is bigger, more powerful and smarter than him. A kind of ant pull into the anthill )
I will add to Evgeny's answer that people, after all, more or less understand what they are for. They don't know what it's called. Therefore, there are monarchists who want it to be like in Britain, or communists who want it to be like under Stalin, although there is only one name for monarchy in the former and communism in the latter.
Orthodox monarch-communists want absolutism, as under the tsar, so that Orthodoxy-autocracy-nationality, but Stalin is in power, which multiplies by budding. Nothing contradicts each other here, just that there is no communism.
I understand that the author asks a question about how modern people connect this, but it is curious that such a cocktail originated at the dawn of Soviet power. So N. E. Shapovalova in her dissertation “Communist Perspective in the views of the peasants of the European part of Russia, 1921-1927.“notes: “After the revolution and the Civil War, a system of socio—demographic, socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural conditions and factors developed, on the one hand, the “Bolshevization” of the peasant public consciousness, and on the other — the “intoxication” of public consciousness as a whole.
The peasants ' assessment of their own prospects and the prospects of the whole country, first of all, was associated with the hope of practical implementation in the future of the social structure, the metaphor of which is the idea of communism — as an “earthly paradise” and “the Kingdom of God on earth”. As a result of the transformation of the ideology of Bolshevism in the peasant consciousness, a pseudo-religious type of worldview was formed, in which the images and meanings of the communist future appeared in the linguistic meanings of the traditional Christian and Marxist ideology, Marxist terminology was mastered in the traditional Christian meanings.
At the same time, the task of building an “earthly paradise” was filled with real and practical content, and the most active part of the peasantry tried to take part both in determining the general appearance of communism and in determining its specific aspects, the means of building socialism and communism.” That is, initially such a synthesis is associated with the need to translate the usual elements of consciousness into a new language, similar processes can be seen earlier, for example, when Christianity transfers the functions of pagan gods to its saints or assigns sacred places or holidays.
If we talk about modernity, then many communists in Russia are rather conservatives in fact, advocating a return to the old and familiar models. In this regard, Christianity and religious consciousness for them are not an opponent of the left ideology, but are successfully combined on the basis of the idea of a national spiritual tradition. At the same time, a separate problem is that many such Christian communists operate with a very primitive understanding of both communism and Christianity. This is from the series that most Orthodox Christians in Russia interpret dogmas in the spirit of Catholicism. Many people have their own, so popular, ideas about communism and Christianity, they do not read either the Bible or the Manifesto of the Communist Party, and since this is essentially their own invention, they can not have any logical contradictions.�
As a result, this is a fanfiction with a peering of Christianity and communism.
The question was:
Like many others, these people do not need to systematize and justify their views logically. They just pile on whatever they like. Stalin was generally a god for many. And Orthodox religiosity is simply the most familiar tradition of religiosity in our country. They learned to love Stalin at school, and took the rites of religion from their grandmothers.
I will say more: without the Christian ideology, the communist concept would not have been widespread among the masses at all. The ideas of universal divine justice are very old, and Orthodoxy and communism are only special cases of the embodiment of this view. Christianity justifies this state of affairs through direct innate human feeling, and Marxism-through the theory of economic formations, so that they simply approach the same thing from different angles.
And the fact that in some historical periods the supporters of communism and Orthodoxy found themselves on opposite sides of the barricades does not mean that these teachings contradict each other in essence.
Similarly, the fact that Muslims have often fought Christians does not change the fact that they all believe in the same God.
How do they appear? There is a request for justice and a strong government, so that someone strong transplants all thieves. There is a legend that this was Stalin. Communism has nothing to do with it at all. The essence of communism lies in the belief in the greatness of people, in their ability to organize themselves, in Councils, to govern themselves. For the first three years after the 1917 revolution, Lenin and the Central Executive Committee were actively engaged in teaching workers local self-government. Soviet power is self-government from below. Stalin is different, he is more of a counter-revolutionary who created the monarchy. Based not on the boyars, but on the ideologues of Marxism (often divorced from the real masses of the people).�
It turns out that the people of Russia do not need self-governing Councils, but a monarchy. But with a fair monarch, like Stalin. So there is no contradiction. Why don't people want the power of the working people? But because they do not have the same ” faith in the greatness of people.” Remember the conversation between Kaftanov and Polikarp in the TV series “Eternal Call”: Каф Kaftanov says ” people are shit, dirt, petty people, they will sell, betray. I don't understand,”he says,” what your faith is.” And the communist Polykarp answers: “Into people.” Conclusion: our people are not ready for a normal government, because everyone does not respect and trust everyone. We and our ancestors, who built the Soviet state with our own labor, are two different races, two different mentalities. We are not worthy even of their memory, we are slaves looking for good and just masters.
Very simple.
Communist propaganda used religious methods of influence. Moreover, if you look at propaganda in different countries, it has national characteristics due to the usual religious canon.
At the end of the USSR, the topic of scientific works on iconography in propaganda materials was popular.
In principle, a trinity was created: Marx-Engels-Lenin, iconography – numerous portraits of the leader, which did not differ in a wide variety of images, church music about “love, Komsomol and spring”. In addition, myth-making about Soviet science, Soviet culture, and Soviet economy was developed. Heaven in the form of communism and hell in the form of capitalism were promised.
Actually, people with a religious consciousness perfectly perceived all this and believed it.
I will say :as a person who managed to be a pioneer, Komsomol member (I didn't have time to become a communist – the country collapsed):
Thinking on the simplest level, I can say that the principles of communism are very similar to those of Christianity.�
In the USSR, children were taught from an early age that “in communism “”a person is a friend / brother to a person”; “honor your elders”, “all people are equal”; “property is common to all”, class division is the basis of capitalism, in communism everyone is equal, etc…..
And in Christianity, if we take at least the same ten commandments, they teach:honor your parents; do not steal; do not kill; do not covet anything that your neighbor has….
It is at this stage , it seems to me, that an adult already has a person “born in the USSR”or brought up in the principles of the Soviet school and there is a “combination”.
However, there is one (in my opinion, the main) difference:
Christianity is a religion of kindness and forgiveness.
Communism, on the other hand, is a constant struggle (for peace, for the overthrow of the capitalist system, and for many other things)..against religion, by the way, too…)
They pretend to be a bit Orthodox. In fact, many people do this, including many Orthodox Christians. Many of them do not particularly believe, but now it is fashionable to be Orthodox, and it is not fashionable to lag behind the fashion.
To be honest, I don't understand the question itself. Christianity as a religion and communism as an ideology are practically the same thing.
It is enough to compare some of their main … “slogans”:
“Love your neighbor” and “Man to man-friend, comrade and brother”
“The last will be the first” and “Who was nothing will be everything”
“All are equal before God” and “Equality and fraternity are the main criteria of communism”
The difference lies in the fact that in Christianity, people's aspirations are directed to the Kingdom of God, that is, to achieve universal happiness and eternity in the other world. Communism is a program for achieving happiness in the present life and on earth.
It just so happens that in October the Russian Orthodox Church took a negative position towards the new government, which was the main reason for the conflict of communist and religious aspirations. Yes, Lenin was an atheist, but he was also a statesman. And if it wasn't for this conflict, I am sure that his position towards the Church would not have been so rigid and inflexible… what happened is what happened. Communist ideology, which in fact is largely a continuation of Christian demands for life and people's relations with each other, has become the persecutor of “its” religion. However, it is possible that the “competition” of ideas played a role here, and one Idea supplanted another. There was a certain formal transfer of Christian values to communist ones. This was discussed in detail by the Russian philosopher N. A. Berdyaev, who, by the way, was called a Christian communist.
Today, the “reverse” process is underway, and religion is already replacing the previous ideology… “your” ideology.
So I wouldn't be surprised if a Christian communist party eventually emerges. For example.
I will answer briefly – infantile in both questions. The inability to understand deeply in each of the directions. The main sense of motivation is fear and security .
Communist and communist views are different things. Communism does not deny the church, it is for equal rights and everyone according to their abilities. This is even similar to “it will be given to everyone according to his faith.”
And what the Communists did in relation to the church has nothing to do with communism.
She answered the question in a different wording: “Why do believers justify the actions of Stalin, because many priests and parishioners were killed during his time.”
There are several ways:
Shifting responsibility to the victim – “They were shot because it was their own fault! We have sinned a lot. They were traitors, “kulaks”, heretics, etc.” From this logical trick follows the following -�
“Every true Scot.” The point is to equate the murdered Orthodox with “fake” believers. “Who was it that Stalin shot? It's all just nonsense, impostors. But the true Christians just survived! God saved them!” From this logical trick again follows the following -�
Blame everything on the “will of God”. This is very convenient. Stalin and the NKVD are just puppets in the hands of the Almighty. The ways of the Lord are inscrutable.�
These tricks, of course, are used only by those who see any contradiction at all and at least think about it. Many people are used to saving mental effort, and act according to the program laid down. “We are for Stalin because we were taught that in school, we are believers because we paint eggs at Easter.”
The question itself is illegal. What is Orthodoxy for the author of the question? Christian servility? Substitution…in terms of concepts. No…the topic is much deeper here. What is proclaimed by today's Orthodoxy is not. But if you look at the issue from the point of view of true Orthodoxy, which is now understood by few, then there are common points of contact… They are there…and the spirit of the people catches these trends… But… socialism (the ancestor of communism) was invented by the evil ones…and therefore, the communism that exists in the minds of those very “some” people carries the tricks of the evil ones – a LIE, supposedly for good (by the way, modern Orthodoxy stands on the same platform)… And it overthrows him, too…and that very false Orthodoxy… Communism exists in true Orthodoxy..and it is without lies and based on gender.
Very simple. In Orthodoxy, in contrast to Catholicism, where a person comes to church and sits there ALONE with God, people all stand TOGETHER, in a crowd.�
In America, for example, religion proclaims equality of conditions, there is a lot of work, because if you work hard, you will go to heaven.
What is here and now called “Orthodoxy “and what is here and now called” communism ” do not have any sharp contradictions between themselves that do not fit in one head. Moreover, for the last 100 years or so, they have roughly the same target audience, for which they have had fierce competition, and this in itself indicates similarities rather than differences. Both of these ideologies, in their current forms, equally despise the individual, its self-sufficiency and its freedom, and the rest is a detail.
What's there to be surprised about? The ideas of communism are almost copied in Christianity. And the method of getting involved in your own party is the same. ) very similar , but with some changes and additions . the moral principle does not call for immoral actions . This is how collective consciousness is formed . And consequently, a certain order of co-existence of its individuals is established in society .
Some people perfectly combine both the possession of the ticket of a member of the CPSU and membership in the LDPR or other PR and on Orthodox holidays go to cross yourself in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and on the way home go to the Synagogue will be justified, that this is for business
In fact, everything is very easy to combine when a person, first of all, is not familiar with both systems of worldview. Secondly, when he has only partial “views” on them, accepting only some provisions, and even then, considering them purely in his interpretation. The difference is about the same as between Orthodoxy and “popular Orthodoxy”, when people believe in horoscopes, cannot list the 10 commandments, do not know what the Bible is about, but regularly run to put a candle to the “right” icon and know how to be baptized correctly.
When a vinaigrette is in your head, you can combine anything with anything.
People want to believe in something HOLY and sublime, but they don't really believe in the devil or God. And the communist past constantly weighed on their shoulders, and life was much better then.
I believe that the Soviet Union, with its communist road, is a paradise on earth. And the end of the world did not happen, because there were people with communist views and ideas, now everything-we have changed, we have changed..we became servants of the devil..and the end of the world is coming. We were the only country that did not love for money, from the bottom of our hearts, helped everyone at home, from the bottom of our hearts, shared everything from the bottom of our hearts. We were pure, naive, as the Bible says: who will not enter the kingdom of heaven as a child. We were like children…England, with its struggle and its Gorbachev, destroyed the world for which God was willing to tolerate freaks from other capitalist countries…Now they will all know the wrath of God
Communism is the principle of action in which you create the World around you more beautiful than it was and all more beautiful than you are….
Can you pull it?
But to do this, you need to take on what is already yours – the fullness of freedom, power and responsibility for this World, that is, to become a sveh person, according to your fascist, for this possibility you are fiercely hated by all the gods and all their chosen ones because you are their deadly competitor and here they will not be captured.
But how to deal with this, and you need freedom of choice without any restrictions, prohibitions and problems, this is what you call capitalism, this is the main thing there, the absence of prohibitions on everything.
Carefully read the CPSU charter and compare it with the gospel. The CPSU is based on humanity and should not confuse ordinary Communists with bureaucrats and opportunists.
It is strange that you mentioned the Orthodox faith, and not faith in God in general. It seems to me that any open-minded person can easily find similarities between the religious and Marxist-Leninist views of the world order. It's just that Marxism-Leninism is not a science, but a religion, but a new type of religion, with a claim to inclusiveness, a kind of super-religion. Therefore, they are easily combined, like an older sister with a younger sister, and the communist worldview acts as the eldest.
I would like to refer here again to scientific materials about neopolitarianism, which in Soviet times was under the banner of emasculated and perverted Marxism-Leninism, and now is returning under the banner of Orthodoxy. Stalin in this discourse (sorry) is perceived as a kind of analogue of John IV:святой “holy Orthodox despot-torturer, protector from Western whores”©. Unless Stalin is credited with a secret or”unconscious” Orthodoxy.
In principle, the same thing has already been briefly formulated by Vladimir Yemelyanov. Both ideologies are interpreted in a spirit that excludes individual freedom.
As for the simple (or even difficult) carriers of the idea, they do not go into dogmas (in the case of Orthodoxy) and principles (in the case of Marxism). Both are perceived as banners. By the way, the banner has already been invented. Therefore, arguments about the deep compatibility-incompatibility of communism and Christianity-are irrelevant to the question.
And what attracts people to politarism (in which repression is inevitable) and, in particular, to this bizarre ideology? So far, there are only opinions, a lot of them, up to vulgar racism (“slave genes”, etc. nonsense). I formulated my own opinion in another answer, and in another one I made several assumptions at once. Yes, this topic itches for me:) But there are possible options, for example, explaining the inertia of ideological culture:
“And because of the peculiarities of the formation of the state in Russia, the same idea is very close to the broad masses of the people due to its transformation into the basic archetype of the Russian mentality. They perceive the dominance of the state in the social field (politarism) as a matter of course, consistent with Russian traditions and the common good. That is why pressure on civil society institutions is generally perceived neutrally in our country, and this is at best, but for the most part, very positive. Only a small handful of intellectuals understand the tragedy of the situation.” Krasnyansky D. E. Grazhdanskoe obshchestvo kak Evropeyskom vybor Rossii [Civil Society as the European Choice of Russia]. Nauchny vestnik MGTU GA, 2007, No. 113. URL: cyberleninka.ru (accessed: 22.05.2017).
A low level of knowledge helps to mix everything up, because this is how the human psyche works – everything is explained at one level or another, no matter mythological or logical. The level of knowledge in matters of Christianity and communism is about equally low (so to speak, neither Gramsci nor Aquinas), so they clung to superficial ideas and attributes – and go ahead.
But this is not only typical for such a mixture, there is, for example, quantum psychology, in which there is neither quantum physics nor psychology, there are Russian Hare Krishnas (I would call them Krishna-peasants), who in my presence did not consciously hit Krishna to the tune in the birch tree field, or there is the Stalinist Empire style, when the dictators from the proletariat liked the pseudo-antique style of the patricians, or, in the end, research in the KGB now it is shown on Ren-TV that it was really studied in secret laboratories by stupid KGB officers, the ignorance of invisible front-line soldiers is enough for everyone. This is not surprising.
What's so incompatible? these are all bright, beautiful ideas!!! Another thing is how to implement them and, in fact, how to live with them for a long time afterwards. Who knows how to do it…
Both in Orthodoxy and communism, people strive for the best, for the highest. Communism is the best material life, and Orthodoxy is the best post-mortal fate. The body works and creates the best conditions for material life (communism), and with feelings, the desire for God, a person forms a post-mortal fate (Orthodoxy).
Yes, because the Moral Code of the builder of communism was copied from the COMMANDMENTS of CHRIST . Their thoughts in the ideological department of the Central Committee of the CPSU was clearly not enough ! So they screwed up the country.
I think faith is in the realm of the irrational, and political views are in the realm of the rational.
One thing contradicts the other in some places, but it easily gets along in one person.
There are even gay homophobes)
Yes, there are, in fact, a lot of crazy people who have their logic askew. I think Stalin would have sent all these people to the camp or to local punitive psychiatric institutions during their lifetime. His phrase is: “if there is a God, then he does not interfere with us. if it's not there, we're not looking for it.” It is not necessary to go too much into the study of the thinking of all sorts of mournful little personalities. There is, for example, a society of flat-earthers who do not recognize the achievements of cosmonautics, telescopes, do not believe their own eyes, and write books, upload videos with “proofs” of the earth's plane and exposing scientists. and someone is listening to them with their ears hanging out. Specifically, Orthodox Stalinists-this is probably a modern phenomenon that has become a result of the radical degradation of both socialism in our country and Orthodoxy, so a symbiosis has emerged from the ideological vacuum.
For the Orthodox worldview, what is very important is what is connected with the territory of Russia, with statehood, with politics – in fact, the concept of Orthodoxy consists in such a formula that Russia – the Moscow Kingdom-is the Third Rome and at the same time the New Israel, “the camp of saints and the city of beloved ones”, surrounded on all sides by heretics, pagans and enemies – forerunners of the Antichrist. This is a holy military camp, similar to the Old Testament one, within which no defilement and no treason can be allowed. That is, faith is associated with nationality and, as I have already mentioned, with the state and politics and territory. And since Stalin pursued the imperial policy of this “holy state”, even if it fell away from sanctity for a while, they say it doesn't matter, the main thing is that he preserved the Empire, territory, nation, and statehood. And then he allegedly turned back to the church and all that. That is why Stalin's purpose and achievements justify his sinister means. I think that the logic here is this. Of course, it is flawed, but if you do not understand the teaching of Christ, then you can combine and not like that. There is such an expression-to catch a fish in muddy water. It means that when the boundaries are blurred, when there is no clear and clear dividing line between pure and impure, sinful and righteous, false and true, and so on – then you can sculpt anything.
Rather, this question should be answered by those who are closer in their views to similar currents of type O. Vsevolod Chaplin, but I can just draw a conclusion from the review of people who are committed to such ideas. More often the military, Chechnya, Afghanistan or other special forces does not matter, but still not a little in the church, there is a temple on Nakhimovsky Prospekt fully funded by the Airborne Forces. These are specific people, it is clear that with post-traumatic syndrome, and not a very large stock of knowledge in history. But they know that killing for the good of the Fatherland is not a sin, they believe that Stalin legalized the church during the war and his merit in restoring the patriarchate, although according to the documents, he simply gave a sign not to interfere and gave freedom to a number of hierarchs necessary for the council . Well, daleeee all on national patriotic grounds . Rodinenuzhen strong leader, preferably the king . Given the widespread words of the Odessa schemer that the king will be, which for some reason are interpreted as a prophecy… They seem to believe in it steadily.. The reason these people are basically superstitious and believe in mysticism and do not see any other way out of this situation as a military coup. But I can't say anything about the actual actions. Except for one or two people from the temple, I personally did not communicate with anyone.
It seems to me that the reason for this phenomenon is that the Bolsheviks, when they seized power, did not change the essence much, but only changed the external attributes.
Instead of Jesus, we had Lenin, whose face adorned everything and everywhere. Instead of the Orthodox Church-A Party. Instead of Christmas-Ilyich's birthday, instead of Easter-May Day, instead of religious processions-demonstrations on May 1, etc.�
Also, probably, these things are combined because after the collapse of the USSR, people needed to believe in something. And since the new appeared, but the old did not die out, then what is written in the question turned out.
Simply put, both the first and second are essentially the same thing -“faith in a bright future.”
The Communists learned a lot from Christianity.
It is not for nothing that Zyuganov is so fond of quoting the “Sermon on the Mount” and considers Christ the first communist.
In essence, communism and Orthodoxy are an ordinary religion with simple and not complex ideas.
These two beliefs, both together and separately, replace the thought process with rituals.
Communist views do not contradict Christianity in any way. Moreover, in Latin America, one of the most influential social movements was liberation theology, a fusion of Catholicism and socialism in radical forms. There are left-wing Christian parties in Europe, in particular, in Italy, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Such views were suddenly expressed even by Mother Teresa, who said that Marxism-Leninism and Christianity do not contradict each other.
There is no contradiction in the Gospel either. Moreover, Jesus and the apostles look more like revolutionaries who brought liberation to the poor, openly denouncing luxury, wealth and hierarchy. Moreover, Jesus-a proletarian carpenter-disperses dealers in the temple, and Judas-is sold for 30 pieces of silver for the sake of a momentary good. That is, “not peace, but a sword” can be interpreted precisely as a revolutionary call, and not metaphysical metaphors.
But if we are talking about the Communist Party, the Communist Party and others like them, then this is just red conservatism and an attempt to reach more of the electorate.
Communism is a very broad concept and does not imply atheism at its core. It implies only a classless society with public ownership and equal distribution of resources. Atheism is already an additional feature that different theorists have treated differently.
In fact, it is a little annoying that the word “communism” in Russia is so strongly associated with the USSR and is generally not perceived separately from this particular manifestation of communism. And communism is not necessarily a GULAG, repression, militant atheism, etc. and in principle, faith in God does not really interfere with its construction.
I think such people are not inclined to analyze their views, but adopt them by inertia. They are used to the fact that under the Soviet Union there was “communism” and life was different, and they like these differences for some objective or not very good reasons. They also believe in God out of inertia. It is quite likely that, believing in its existence, they do not go to church, do not observe fasting, do not perform any other rites.