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Initially, the Kalmyks (Oirats) lived in the regions of Central Asia, being related to other local peoples. Some of them migrated to the Lower Volga and the Caspian region, forming the Kalmyk nation proper. So the phenotypic similarity is explained by the relative commonality of the original territories of residence and some genetic kinship
They are not much alike, except for belonging to the Mongoloid race. Make a selection in the VK for residents of Astana and Elista, and you will see that the” modeling ” of the face is very different, and Kazakhs and Kalmyks are not alike.
As I recently learned, Kalmyks have historically always fought with the Turkic peoples-Kazakhs, Kyrgyz, Tatars, Nogais, Bashkirs still remember this.
The negative attitude towards the Kalmyks remains to this day. Familiar Kazakhs called them nedobitkami, said that the Dzungars are the most sworn enemies of the Kazakhs and the wars between them were to destroy. This is shown in the Kazakh film 'Nomad'.
First of all, they are neighbors,so they seem similar to each other, especially since they belong to the same race according to racial classification-Mongoloids.Roughly speaking, the Kalmyks look closer to the Mongols, among the Kazakhs there is a lot of European type of face, the ancestors – – – Mongols+Kipchaks or as they were called in Russia-Polovtsians.And so Kazakhs and Kalmyks distinguish each other.Just like the Chinese, Vietnamese, Koreans, and Japanese distinguish each other,but they all look the same to you,just like you do to them.You will not be able to visually distinguish an Uzbek from a Tajik, an Azerbaijani from an Armenian, or a Jew.
Kalmyks are Oirat Mongols. Kazakhs are a mix of Mongols and Polovtsian Turks. Not all Kazakhs are Mongoloid. Many Kazakhs are similar to Polovtsians, they participated in the ethnogenesis of the Kazakh people.
Kazakhs have many different admixtures, so they may differ from Kalmyks. However, there may be similarities for three reasons::
1) That the Kalmyks and Kazakhs have Mongolian influence in their blood. Kalmyks are part of the once-existing Oirat people, whose other name is “Dzungars”- “left hand” in Mongolian, this term was used by medieval Mongols during the administrative and military division of Mongolia into parts.�
Kazakhs, in turn, among the clans have mainly the same medieval Mongol families, with which the conquests of Genghis Khan began. Example: kereys, naimans, and jalairs.
2) The Oirats waged many wars against the Kazakhs and even held a significant part of the territories of Kazakhstan under their control. The Kalmyks themselves found themselves in the Volga region after passing through the territory of Kazakhstan. All this could not pass without a trace for the Kazakh and Dzungarian gene pools.
3) The Turkic and Mongolian peoples originally lived next to each other, and may even have been related, so external similarities are likely. It is worth considering that this point is the least significant, since the largest representatives of modern Turkic-speaking peoples have little genetic influence from the first Turks. The Turks are more a linguistic than a genetic community.
Oirats and Kazakhs were neighbors with each other and there were more peaceful years than military ones. They got married to each other, hence the similarity. Oirat juntaiji Galdan Tseren proposed to the Kazakh khan to create a single Oirat-Kazakh state, but it did not grow together.